Achebes Things Fall Apart and the culture of the Igbo

      Don Delillo's White Noise is a novel set in twentieth century Middle America.  The story follows the life and excursion of Jack Gladney, an educator of Hitler studies and his family through their lives attacked by repetitive sound, consistent mumble of American consumerism.  The account follows these characters as they battle to live diverting themselves from their feeling of reality.  White Noise investigates a large group of character's profound basic apprehensions and vulnerabilities that shield them from finding and uncovering their actual personalities.         The principal character I might want to examine is the hero, Jack Gladney.  It appears as though Jack diverts himself from finding his own personality, without it life is a riddle to him and it makes passing significantly more mysterious.  As Jack converses with Murray about death, he expresses that   The most profound lament is death.  The main thing to confront is death.  This is all I think about.  There's just one issue here, I need to live. (270)   Jack is fixated on his dread of the unexpected.  He discloses to Murry that demise doesn't make his life all the more fulfilling, yet just loaded up with uneasiness. Jack wouldn't like to realize any data foreseeing his own end, he fears discovering his own code, as on account of his clinical report that estimates his death.  There are numerous signs of Jack's character emergency all through the story- - an increasingly unmistakable one is that of his way of life as an instructor of Hitler studies.  It appears as though Jack is intrigued with a man so in contact with death, and when training he takes cover behind huge dim glasses and... ...sulting in death, Murry considers that one can turn into an instrument of death, by bringing demise into one's own hands.  Murry may veil his character in an approach to avoid passing, yet he isn't hesitant to look into the otherworldly ideas, for example, religion and science, the two sources that can cause and conceivably fix demise itself.         Fear in an individual's life can make the person in question pull back themself, or avoid certain circumstances thought to be related with their fundamental anxieties.  In White Noise, the dread of death is a noticeable factor that incites the personality emergency these characters face.  It isn't until an individual can confront, and conceivably survive, these inside feelings of trepidation that one can acquire their actual personality and see genuinely who the individual truly is.    

Ideas From Response to Intervention Research Paper

Thoughts From Response to Intervention - Research Paper Example The model brings comprehensiveness into the training model through presenting all the more pleasing models of guidelines and a need-based portion of the learning offices to the focused on learners’ groups. One of the models focus regions is tending to the learning troubles identified in students at before stages before they acclimate to them, to the degree that they will require introduction to a custom curriculum programs. From presenting understudies to top notch guidance models and mediations at the extremely beginning phases of the issues recognized, the model can keep these subjects from falling behind their partners. This paper is an evaluation of RTI models to decide the thoughts that are recognizable, those that are new and interesting, and those that appear to be befuddling and unrealistic (Hale 16-27). Conversation Some of the suspicions received by the RTI model structure the center part of learning of various understudies, and give a system to understanding the tru th encompassing the learning capacity all things considered. A portion of the thoughts contained in the suspicions received by RTI plainly characterize the elements that should be brought into the conveyance of instruction towards understanding an increasingly accommodative model of training for all students. These thoughts are talked about underneath (Sahlberg 167). The instructive structure can effectively show all students †notwithstanding the fast approaching character and scholarly varieties between one student and the other. From the investigation of Sahlberg (167), the capacity of educators to offer guidelines from explore put together methodologies depending with respect to the accomplishment of the given model improves the presentation of various understudies in a critical way. The utilization of imaginative models in offering directions to students can likewise suit both moderate and quick learning understudies, including backing of dynamic thoughts with graphs, showi ngs and portrayals, all expected to make better understanding. The critical thinking capacities of instructors likewise contribute enormously to the accomplishment of low-performing understudies as these are developed into the learning model. A portion of the qualities brought into this methodology incorporate arranging, reflection, assessment and activity to coordinate what is instructed at classes (Sahlberg 10). In light of these checked on realities, unmistakably the presentation of research-based directions, receiving those that work best, educating utilizing imaginative models and developing guidance ingestion models among the understudies can incredibly impact the exhibition of various students †both quick and moderate. These realities, in this manner, can be applied to demonstrate the believability of the thought introduced by RTI that a powerful learning framework can successfully show all understudies. From class and gathering work during my course, I have encountered the way that understudy based guidance models can cultivate the presentation of various students including those that are mentally tested. A model is where charts were incredibly useful in developing the accomplishment of gathering individuals, particularly the individuals who couldn't grasp unique thoughts significantly (Sahlberg 167). RTI models likewise deal with the premise of the rule that early intercession is imperative towards maintaining a strategic distance from the improvement of learning-based issues. From the instance of Finnish schools clarified in Sahlberg (155), the preparation of educators to make them exceptionally equipped for identifying and diagnosing issues among their understudies, study halls and schools has been an incredible advance towards tending to the learning

Choose Your Own Joan Didion Adventure

Choose Your Own Joan Didion Adventure Joan Didion is one of our most important living writers, one who has written so widely it can be difficult to decide where to start with her work. She has written fiction, essays, memoir, journalism, social and political commentary, and more. Shes known for being part of the new journalism movement, a freer, looser style of reporting that reads more like fiction and can include the authors own experience. But shes also known for heart-wrenching memoirs and ground-breaking fiction. So where should a reader start with her? I dont think there is one right answer to that question. Where you start with Didion depends on what kind of writing you want to read. So Im suggesting four starting places, with guidelines for where to go from there. Its a choose your own Joan Didion adventure! First, decide what kind of reading experience you want to have. There is no wrong answer here (and I promise none of them will lead to a premature and gory death!). Any of the possibilities below will take you on a journey through a wonderful body of writing. If you cant decide where you want to start, then just jump to Track #1 below: If you like travel writing, sharp political commentary, and critiques of U.S. intervention around the world, go to Track #1. If you love essay collections that combine personal and journalistic writing, go to Track #2. If you love fiction, particularly about troubled women struggling to find meaning in the world, go to Track #3. If you love memoir, particularly grief memoirs, go to Track #4. Track #1: Salvador. Published in 1983, this book is an account of Didions 1982 journey to El Salvador to report on the social and political turmoil of the Salvadoran Civil War that had begun in 1979. Its a very short book and a good introduction to her style. Its descriptions of violence and terror make it a difficult read not unusual for Didion. The book is also not above criticism: Didion writes at times with a confident, sometimes-dismissive breeziness about a society she had known only briefly. But she also captures terror and unrest in trademark devastating fashion. If you loved this book and want more of the same, read Political Fictions, and then go back to the beginning to choose another track. If you want a break from nonfiction but are up for more politics, try the novel A Book of Common Prayer, and then proceed to Track #2. If you are done with politics, jump to Track #3, or if you have already followed Track #3, go to Track #4. If this book wasnt for you, dont worry, there is much more to like. Go on to Track #2. Track #2: Slouching Toward Bethlehem. Published in 1968, this is a collection of personal and journalistic essays focusing mainly on California. It contains one of her most famous pieces, Goodbye to All That, as well as a famous essay about the countercultural Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco. Her view of California is sometimes a grim one, but its captured in writing that is crystal clear. Didion is known for her sharp prose style, and here you will find it at its best. If you loved this book and want more of the same, read The White Album. Then go to Track #1 if you want political commentary or Track #4 if youre up for memoir. If you loved this book but want to try some fiction, go to  Track #3. If Slouching Toward Bethlehem wasnt for you, it may be that Didion is just not going to be a writer you like. But you might try her fiction with Track #3. If you have already followed that track, jump to Track #4. Track #3: Play It as It Lays. Published in 1970, this is another book about the American west, but a novel this time. It tells the story of Maria, 31, whose life is falling apart. Her marriage is failing, her young daughter is in an institution, and she is trying to recover from a breakdown. Its an angsty novel about despair. Its also beautifully written and a compelling portrait of a place and time. If you loved this book and want more of the same, there is no more of the same, sadly. But you might try her novel A Book of Common Prayer, and then go back to the beginning to choose another track. If you loved this book specifically because of its exploration of suffering, go to Track #4. If you loved this book but want something light and cheery, take a break from Didion and come back to her later. If this book wasnt for you, rest assured that there are people out there who dont get along with her fiction but love the nonfiction. Then go back to the beginning to choose another track. Track #4: The Year of Magical Thinking. A more recent book than the others, this was published in 2005 and tells the story of Didions loss of her husband John Gregory Dunne and the hospitalization of her daughter Quintana. Its an iconic grief memoir about the struggle to survive after it feels that the world has ended. Its devastating but also brave and beautiful. If you loved this book and want more of the same, read Blue Nights.  Then go on to Track #2 if you want more nonfiction, or Track #3 if you want to try fiction. If you loved this book but want a break from writing with a personal focus, go to Track #1. If you need something light and cheery after reading this book, take a break from Didion and come back to her later. She doesnt do light and cheery. If this book wasnt for you, then try her more political/social writing with Track #2 or her fiction with Track #3. Then let me know in the comments how your journey went!

Physics of the Heart Essay - 912 Words

In the US, heart attacks kill more people than any other single cause. Many of the deaths are caused by electrical disturbances in a damaged heart that cause it to fibrillate (Pool). Despite current overwhelming interest in the operations of the human heart, for most of history the human heart has been regarded as a forbidden organ too delicate to tamper with (NOVA). In fact, it might have remained so, were it not for World War II where military doctors, faced with massive numbers of injuries ushered the world into our current medical trajectory. Your body has about 5.6 liters of blood. All of this blood circulates through the body three times every minute. In one day, the blood travels a total of 12,000 miles (NOVA). Rhythmic†¦show more content†¦* Some spontaneous rhythmic currents are myogenic (discussed further in Physiology) * Heating of the â€Å"ostial part of a great vein†, for example termination of the vena cava superior causes acceleration in the rhythm of the whole heart o Additionally, heating of the â€Å"ventricular wall of a great vein† causes very little or no change in the pace of the contractions * The propagation of the contraction within the walls of the auricles and ventricles is not dependent on the action of the nerves lying near the surface of those parts o The contraction continued to be propagated even when the surface of the heart was washed with strong ammonia Hearts can be classified into two groups based on how the heart contraction is initiated: myogenic and neurogenic. Neurogenic hearts depend on an extrinsic neural innervation to initiate the contraction. Without the innervation the heart doesnt beat. Neurogenic hearts are found in crustaceans, spiders, and some insects (Kay 1998). Myogenic hearts contract spontaneously. Myogenic hearts are found in vertebrates and molluscs. In vertebrates a specialized region of cells called the sinoatrial (SA) node, acts as the pacemaker forShow MoreRelatedDoes The Human Circulatory System Apply Physics Concept? Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics is known to be a natural science. It majorly entails the study of matter and the motion of matter through time and space, along with related concepts such as force and energy. Does the circulatory system apply concepts in physics as the blood circulates through the entire system? The circulatory system’s main objective is to transport blood throughout all the necessary parts of the body. The blood in effect transports nutrients and oxygen to these body parts and wastes away from these bodyRead MoreThe Correct Way to Take a Patients Blood Pressure762 Words   |  3 Pageson the arm of a chair and feet flat on the floor. The reference point for the measurement of BP is the right atrium, the so-called ‘heart level’ (Guyton, 1986). Though, the guidelines of the World Health Organistation/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) recommend that the BP be measured with the patient comfortably seated with the arms supported at heart level (1993). It has been proposed that BP should be measured in the sitting, standing, and the supine position (Netea 2003). It isRead MoreThe Best Elementary Educator Of My Abilities854 Words   |  4 Pagesthey adapted and never abdicated nor abandoned their students even when they would cry their eyes out because they felt nothing noble was ensuing from them pouring their hearts out into their work. 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To my delight, Emily touched base on may different aspect of the problem with lecturing including, but not limited to, testing understanding once lectured (ethos), professors taking the matter to heart of its lack of effectiveness (pathos) , and the importance of professors changing the way they teach/lecture in a classroom setting(logos). Hanford also remarked that Professors have long been aware of the problem with lecturing student, but most areRead MoreMy College Entrance Exam Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesrejected again and insisted to go to the Physics and Microelectronics department to study the most difficult subjects. Afterwards in my third yea r of college, my parents wish I can continue my graduate study in the top university in China. But I dreamed to continue my science study in America, where technology is most advanced and turned down the opportunity of the postgraduate recommendation in China. 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Essay on Creativity - 3954 Words

Creativity The walls of the Louvre are covered with artistic masterpieces, widely recognized as some of the most treasured, creative works known to man. The unique stroke of a brush or the layering of paint can distinguish these geniuses from the masses. Despite the ability to label these pieces of art as especially creative, it remains unclear how one can truly qualify the defining characteristics of creativity. This faculty is commonly viewed as intangible, as `a spark of creativity, or, `a flash of creativity. This phenomenon, which lies at the foundation of our artistic culture, eludes our current grasp of understanding. For some, creativity rests within our human nature as an integral part of our being, for others, it may emerge†¦show more content†¦And as the mole on my right breast is where it was when I was born, though all my body has been woven of new stuff time after time, so through the ghost of the unquiet father the image of the unliving son looks forth. In the intense in stant of imagination, when the mind, Shelley says, is a fading coal that which I was is that which I am and that which in possibility I may come to be. So in the future, the sister of the past, I may see myself as I sit here now but by reflection from that which then I shall be (Joyce 186-7). Joyces ability to produce creative analogies shines through in this passage; though Stephens physical characteristic of the mole on his chest remains the same, he declares that his body has been woven of new stuff time after time. This analogy of the physical characteristics of his body through time is a deep insight into the contrast between the ever-changing individual and the continuity of a human beings identity throughout his lifetime. 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Mkt 421 Final Exam Free Essays

string(119) " way of continually gathering and analyzing data to get information to help marketing managers make ongoing decisions\." 1) According to the text, marketing means: A. Selling. B. We will write a custom essay sample on Mkt 421 Final Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much more than selling and advertising. C. Producing and selling. D. Advertising. 2) For Tesla, a new firm that makes an electric sports car, estimating how many competitors will make electric vehicles and what kinds they will make, is: A. A production activity. B. One of the universal functions of innovation. C. An example of the micro-macro dilemma. D. A part of marketing. 3) Which of the following statements best describes the modern view of marketing? A. Marketing should take over production, accounting, and financial services within a firm. B. The job of marketing is to get rid of whatever the company is producing. C. Marketing is concerned with generating a single exchange between a firm and a customer. D. Marketing begins with anticipating potential customer needs. 4) Professional Dental Supply has been successfully selling dental instruments to dentists for the past 20 years, and has developed strong customer relations. When looking for new marketing opportunities, Professional Dental Supply will most likely look first at A. Market development. B. Diversification. C. Product development. D. Market penetration. ) To compete more successfully with its many competitors offering packaged cookies, Famous Amos added its own line of extra chunky premium cookies. This seems to be an effort at: A. Market development. B. Market penetration. C. Product development. D. Combination. 6) Which of the following statements regarding marketing strategies is FALSE? A. Developing successful marketing strategies does not need to be a hit -or-miss proposition. B. These strategies must meet the needs of target customers, and a firm is likely to get a competitive advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as some other firm. C. These strategies require decisions about the specific customers the firm will target and the marketing mix the firm will develop to appeal to that target market. D. It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a narrowing-down process. 7) A firm’s marketing mix decision areas would NOT include: A. Price B. People C. Product D. Promotion 8) Which of the following is true? A. The product P in the marketing mix stands for only tangible merchandise. B. The product P in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and services. C. The product P in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and tangible D. The product P in the marketing mix stands for only physical goods. 9) Product is NOT concerned with: A. Wholesale price. B. Branding. C. Packaging. D. Quality level. 10) Dell, Inc. wants to offer customers televisions in addition to computers. This is a change in their _____________________ A. personnel. B. promotional. C. product. D. pricing. 11) Hewlett-Packard sells personal computers through specialty computer stores, electronics superstores, and its own Internet site. The marketing mix variable that is being considered here is: A. Product. B. Placement. C. Promotional. D. Pricing. 2) The ______ area of the marketing mix is concerned with decisions about getting the right product to the target market when and where it is wanted. A. Promotion B. Place C. People D. Product 13) The main difference between a marketing strategy and a marketing plan is that: A. A marketing strategy provides more detail. B. A marketing strategy omits pricing plans. C. A marketing plan includes several m arketing strategies. D. Time-related details are included in a marketing plan. 14) A marketing plan is: A. A marketing strategy—plus the time-related details for carrying it out. B. A target market and a related marketing mix. C. A marketing strategy. D. A marketing program. 15) Which of the following is part of a complete marketing plan? A. Competitors’ marketing strategies. B. What company resources (costs) are required and at what rate. C. How different marketing mixes (for different target markets) relate to each other. D. All of these. 16) Marketing strategy planners should recognize that: A. Large firms like General Electric, Target, and Procter Gamble are too large to aim at clearly defined markets. B. Target marketing is not limited to small market segments. C. Mass marketing is often very effective and desirable. D. Target markets should not be large and spread out. 17) Target marketing, in contrast to mass marketing, A. Ignores markets that are large and spread out. B. Focuses on fairly homogeneous market segments. C. Assumes that all customers are basically the same. D. Is limited to small market segments. 18) Good marketing strategy planners know that: A. Mass marketing is often very desirable and effective. B. The terms mass marketing and mass marketer mean basically the same thing. C. Target marketing does not limit one to small market segments. D. Firms like Nabisco and WalMart are too large to aim at clearly defined target markets. 9) ______________ is the process of naming broad product-markets and then segmenting these broad product-markets in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes. A. Mass marketing B. Market positioning C. Diversification D. Market segmentation 20) Clustering techniques applied to segmenting markets A. Usually require computers to group pe ople based on data from market research. B. Remove the need for managerial judgment. C. Eliminate the need for marketing managers to specify in advance what dimensions might be relevant for grouping consumers. D. All of the above are true. 1) The process of naming broad product-markets and then segmenting them in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes is called: A. Market development. B. Market penetration. C. Market research. D. Market segmentation. 22) Procedures that develop and analyze new information to help marketing managers make decisions are called: A. Analytical research. B. Strategy planning. C. Marketing research. D. Operational planning. 23) ________________ ________________ utilizes qualitative and quantitative analysis procedures to help marketing managers make more informed decisions. A. Marketing structure. B. Marketing planning. C. Marketing research. D. Marketing processing. 24) A ______________ is an organized way of continually gathering and analyzing data to get information to help marketing managers make ongoing decisions. You read "Mkt 421 Final Exam" in category "Essay examples" A. Marketing research project B. Marketing information system C. Marketing research department D. Marketing model 25) Marketing research which seeks structured responses that can be summarized is called: A. Qualitative research. B. Focus group research. C. Situation analysis research. D. Quantitative research. 26) One of the major disadvantages of the focus group interview approach is hat A. It is difficult to get in-depth information about the research topic. B. It is difficult to measure the results objectively. C. There is no interviewer, so the research questions may not be answered. D. Ideas generated by the group cannot be tested later with other research. 27) Focus groups: A. Always do a good job of representing the broader target market. B. Yield results that are largely dependent on the viewpoint of the researcher. C. Are expensive compared to other marketing research methods. D. Are usually composed of 10 to 15 people as participants. 28) The observing method in marketing research: A. Is used to gather data without consumers being influenced by the process. B. May require customers to change their normal shopping behavior. C. Is not suitable for obtaining primary data. D. Uses personal interviews. 29) The attitudes and behavior patterns of people are part of the A. Competitive environment. B. Social and cultural environment. C. Firm’s resources and objectives. D. Political environment. 30) Which of the following statements about consumer products is true? A. Specialty products are those that customers usually are least willing to search for. B. Shopping products are those products for which customers usually want to use routinized buying behavior. C. Unsought products are not shopped for at all. D. Convenience products are those that customers want to buy at the lowest possible price. 31) ______________ is the process of naming broad product-markets and then segmenting these broad product-markets in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes. A. Mass marketing B. Strategic planning C. Market positioning D. Market segmentation 32) Which is the first step in market segmentation? A. Naming a broad product-market of interest to the firm. B. Evaluating market segments to determine if they are large enough. C. Finding one or two demographic characteristics to divide up the whole mass market. D. Clustering people with similar needs into a market segment. 33) The first step in market segmentation should be: A. Finding a demographic group likely to use your products. B. Defining some broad product-markets where you may be able to operate profitably. C. Deciding what new product you could develop. D. Evaluating what segment(s) you currently serve. 34) Which of the following is NOT one of the text’s product life cycle stages? A. Market introduction B. Market growth C. Market maturity D. Market penetration 35) The product life cycle: A. Applies more to individual brands than to categories or types of products. B. Shows that sales and profits tend to move together over time. C. Describes the stages a new product idea goes through from beginning to end. D. Has five major stages. 36) Tom and Sally Jones are preparing to purchase a new car. He currently has a Toyota Camry and she has a Honda Accord. They now have two children under age 5, so they plan to trade in Sally’s car to purchase a minivan. Sally and Tom decided on a Honda Odyssey because Sally is familiar with Hondas and thinks they are very reliable. In this purchase situation, Tom and Sally’s family life cycle stage is a _____________ segmentation dimension, and the benefit Sally seeks (reliability) is a _____________ segmentation dimension. A. Geographic; behavioral. B. Demographic; geographic. C. Geographic; demographic. D. Demographic; behavioral. 37) Regarding product life cycles, which of the following is NOT true? A. It is usually expensive for a new firm to enter in the market maturity stage. B. Industry profits are likely to level off or decline before sales level off. C. The level of promotion usually decreases in market maturity because there is less revenue to cover the cost. D. Many close substitutes are usually competing in the market maturity stage. 38) An industry’s sales have leveled off and profits are declining in oligopolistic competition. Consumers see competing products as homogeneous. Several firms have dropped out of the industry, but a new one entered recently. Firms in the industry are trying to avoid price-cutting by spending on persuasive advertising. These firms are competing in which stage of the product life cycle? A. Market introduction B. Market growth C. Market maturity D. Market development 39) During the market introduction stage of the product life cycle: A. Funds are being invested in marketing with the expectation of future profits. B. Considerable money is spent on promotion while place development is left until later stages. C. Products usually show large profits if marketers have successfully carved out new markets. D. Most potential customers are quite anxious to try out the new-product concept. 40) Advertising allowances A. Set the allowance amount as a percent of the retailer’s actual purchases. B. Are price reductions to firms further along in the channel to encourage them to advertise or otherwise promote the firm’s products locally. C. Involve intermediaries and producers sharing in the cost of ads. D. Allow for coordination and integration of ad messages in the channel. 41) SGCA is having a sales contest to encourage retailers to quickly reduce the inventory of SuperGamer computers. Retailers with the highest sales during the next month win an expense paid trip to a special dealer meeting at a resort in Hawaii. This is A. An example of a producer using sales promotion in the channel. B. Probably illegal because it might encourage price competition among retailers. C. An example of cooperative advertising. D. The type of promotion that continues to impact sales even after the promotion is over. 42) While watching a television program, Liza gets a phone call just as a commercial is starting. She presses the mute button on the television’s remote control and takes the call, so she pays no attention to the commercial. In terms of the communication process, the telephone call is an example of: A. Feedback. B. Noise. C. Encoding. D. Decoding. 43) A producer using very aggressive promotion to get final consumers to ask intermediaries for a new product has: A. A pushing policy. B. A target marketing policy. C. A pulling policy D. A selective distribution policy. 44) American Tourister, Inc. —a producer of luggage—is planning to introduce a new product line. The marketing manager is having her sales force call on retailers to explain American Tourister’s consumer advertising plans, the unique features of the new luggage, how the distributors can best promote it, and what sales volume and profit margins they can reasonably expect. This is an example of: A. A pushing policy. B. Intensive distribution. C. A pulling policy. D. Selective distribution. 45) Integrated direct-response promotion: A. Is not necessary or useful when the channel of distribution involves intermediaries. B. Is usually part of a pushing effort rather than part of a pulling approach. C. Focuses on achieving a measurable, direct response from specific target customers. D. None of these are true. 46) Which of the following statements about positioning is NOT TRUE? A. It helps marketing managers know how customers view the firm’s offering. B. It refers to how customers think about proposed or present brands in a market. C. It often makes use of techniques such as perceptual mapping. D. Positioning issues are especially important when competitors in a market are very dissimilar. 47) When segmenting broad product-markets, cost considerations tend A. To lead to a large number of small, but very homogeneous, product-market segments. B. To lead to more aggregating. C. To encourage managers to disregard the criterion that a product-market segment should be substantial. D. To be unimportant as long as the segmenting dimensions are operational. 48) Positioning analysis A. Shows that managers and customers usually view present brands similarly. B. Is not a product-oriented approach. C. Helps managers understand the actual characteristics of their products. D. Is a visual aid to understanding a product-market. 49) A _____ is a market with very similar needs and sellers offering various close substitute ways of satisfying those needs. A. Product-market B. Target market C. Generic market D. Standard market 50) Which of the following is NOT a trend affecting marketing strategy planning in the area of international marketing? A. Decreasing role of airfreight. B. Global communication over the Internet. C. Tensions between have and have-not cultures. D. More attention to exporting by small companies. 51) When a company grows globally, this is an example of: A. Market penetration. B. Diversification. C. Market development D. Product development. 52) Identify the incorrect statement about sales promotions. A. The availability of more ad agencies and specialists has spurred growth in sales promotions. B. Changes in technology have made sales promotions more efficient. C. Sales promotions have increased because of competition in emerging markets. D. Sales promotions can be used as tools to overcome consumer price resistance. 3) Which of the following is a key trend affecting marketing strategy planning? A. Growth of marketing information systems. B. Less use of technology in personal selling. C. Senior and ethnic submarkets are getting smaller. D. Slower new-product development. 54) It is usually the _________ job, perhaps with help from specialists in technology, to decide what types o f sales technology tools are needed and how they will be used. A. Purchasing manager’s B. Marketing executive’s C. Sales manager’s D. Procurement manager’s 55) The future poses many challenges for marketing managers because: A. Social responsibility applies only to firms—not to consumers. B. New technologies are making it easier to abuse consumers’ rights to privacy. C. It is marketing managers who have full responsibility to preserve our macro-marketing system. D. The marketing concept has become obsolete. 56) Many Internet sites, such as Autobytel. com and Edmunds. com, have extensive information about the prices of new and used vehicles that anyone can use for free. In light of the availability of this information, what is the responsibility of consumers to use it? A. Consumers should not trust any information they receive from any source except the government. B. Consumers should not use it because it gives them an unfair advantage over car dealers. C. Consumers can use it, but should not feel a responsibility to do so. D. Consumers have a responsibility to use the information and be smarter customers. 57) Which of the following statements about ethical behavior in business is true? A. The legal environment sets the normative standards of ethical behavior. B. The legal environment sets the highest standards of ethical behavior. C. The legal environment sets the minimum standards of ethical behavior D. The legal environment sets the maximum standards of ethical behavior. How to cite Mkt 421 Final Exam, Essay examples

Informative Speaking vs. Persuasive Speaking free essay sample

Informing and persuading are two different things. When It comes to Informative speaking the goal is to educate, make the person or audience understand how something works, an event or explaining a concept using facts. It isnt trying to advocate a cause. Speaking to persuade is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing peoples beliefs or actions while using opinion. Informing and persuading speaking are used in everyday situations but its important to know the differences between the two, the factors that make them distinct from one another.There are any types of Informative speeches such as speeches about processes, about events, concepts, but they all use the effective method of analyzing and organizing informative speeches. When it comes to informing about an object its always better to focus on one aspect of your subject. If the object is a car then its better to narrow it down by only talking about the engine so that the audience can stay on topic and not be overwhelmed by the million other parts of the car you might want to talk about. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speaking vs. Persuasive Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its good to limit the speech to have between two-five mall points, making ere to devote enough time and information to each main point. Choosing a topic and specific purpose, analyzing the audience, gathering materials, choosing supporting details, organizing the speech and using words to communicate meaning must be done to have a successful informative speech. Speeches about a process focus on the major principles or techniques involved in performing the process. The speech needs to be organized In a topical order; each step In the process needs to be clear and easy to follow. Once again three mall points are easier to follow and understand than 10 main points. Speeches about events are to recount the history of an event.The organization in these types of speeches needs to be in a chronological order, relating the incidents one after another in the order they occurred. Other ways to talk about an event besides telling what happened is by taking the event in a different angle, implication, future development or any other way. The subject Just needs to stay logical and consistent. Speeches about concepts Include beliefs, theories, Ideas, principles, things of that sort. They are more abstract than objects, processes or events. These types of speeches are also done in a topical order and it takes a more complex approach to define the concept youre dealing with.Identifying its major elements, illustrating it with specific examples, speeches about concepts are often more complex than other kinds of informative speeches. As opposed to informing when you speak to persuade you act as an advocate. When people listen they look for credibility, supporting materials, language, reasoning and emotional appeals. It is much harder to persuade than to inform, when persuading youre touching on your listeners values and beliefs. In the end no matter how interesting, structured and supported your speech and delivery was, some listeners will not agree with you.A persuasive speech will be more effective if the speaker delivers the message sincerely, has a clear goal, and adapts It to the target audience. Concentrating on a target audience Is decline which portion of the audience you tailor your speech to fit their values and concerns. Typically there are three types of persuasive speech, questions of facts, questions of value and questions of policy. Persuasive speeches on questions of facts are usually organized topically and occasionally arranged spatially. A question of fact is a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion. The speakers purpose is limited to persuading the audience to accept a particular view of the facts. A persuasive speech on question of value is trying to Justify your claim, a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea of action. Its important to give special thought to the standards for your value of Judgment. The organizations of these speeches are usually topical, the first main point is to establish the standards for your value Judgment and the second main point is to apply the standards to the subject of the speech.Persuasive speeches on question of policy deal with specific courses of action, they involve questions of fact. Questions of policy always go beyond questions of fact or value to decide whether something should or should not be done. There are two types of speeches on question of policy. The first is speech to gain passive agreement. Its trying to get your audience to agree with you that a certain policy is desirable. The second is speech to gain immediate action. In this type of speech you want to deviate your listeners to take action and not Just nod their heads in agreement.The organization of speeches on question of policy should fall into either a problem- solution order or a problem-cause-solution order. The main goal is to use ethical sound and methods to persuade your audience. In some ways a persuasive speech is similar to an informative speech but the two kinds of speeches take place in different kinds of situations and for different purposes. In the end they are both very good skills to have whether speaking to an audience or a friend, it gives the information we want to say structure and meaningful purpose.

Important Federal Agencies

Important Federal Agencies Free Online Research Papers In my opinion the three most important law enforcement agencies are our local law enforcement, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Every law enforcement agency plays a huge role and has its importance, but these three are the most important to me. My number one most important agency is the Department of Homeland Security. Our country means so much to the citizens of the United States and making sure it is protected from outside threats. DHS is a new cabinet-level department designed to coordinate federal efforts to protect the United States against domestic and international terrorism. This agency, combined with other agencies protects our borders and customs, transportations and airways. My number two important agency is our local law enforcement agencies. They protect and serve the citizens in our local community and they patrol our streets to help keep citizens safe from criminals. They can also be a positive influence on our communities and our citizens. Having local law enforcement helps to keep the crime controlled in that particular area. My number three important agency is the Federal Bureau of Investigations. The FBI is the primary agency responsible for the enforcement of all federal laws. They investigate crimes that are against federal law, but they are not a police force. The FBI is always there to help state and local agencies investigate crimes and the FBI is known to have the best labs available. These three agencies are so important because they protect the United States, international or domestic and without these agencies we would have to fend for ourselves individually and that could be disastrous. All law enforcement has their importance and responsibility to protect and serve. Research Papers on Important Federal AgenciesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is Art

Wild Bill Hickok - Gunfighter of the Wild West

Wild Bill Hickok - Gunfighter of the Wild West James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as Wild Bill Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. He was known as a gunfighter and gambler who fought in the Civil War and was a scout for Custers Cavalry. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death.   Early Years James Hickok was born in Homer (todays Troy Grove), Illinois in 1837 to William Hickok and Polly Butler. Not much is known about his early education, though he was known as an excellent marksman. In 1855, Hickok left Illinois and the Jayhawkers, a vigilante group in Kansas. At that time, Bleeding Kansas was in the middle of tremendous violence as pro- and anti-slavery groups fought over control of the state. Jayhawkers were fighting for Kansas to become a free state, not allowing slavery in its borders. It was while Hickok was a Jayhawker that he first met Buffalo Bill Cody. He would work with him again in later years.   Pony Express Incidents In 1859, Hickok had joined the Pony Express, a mail service that delivered letters and packages from St. Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California. While delivering freight in 1860, Hickok was injured when he was attacked by a bear. After a fierce struggle that left Hickok gravely wounded, he was finally able to slit the bears throat. He was removed from duty and eventually sent to Rock Creek Station to work in the stables.   On July 12, 1861, an incident occurred that would begin Hickoks claim to fame.  While employed at the Rock Creek Pony Express Station in Nebraska he got into a gunfight with an employee looking to collect his pay. Wild Bill may have shot and killed McCanles and wounded two other men. He was acquitted at the trial. However, there is some question on the validity of the trial because he worked for the powerful Overland Stage Company. Civil War Scout With the start of the Civil War in April, 1861, Hickok joined the Union army. His name was listed as William Haycock at this time. He fought in the Battle of Wilsons Creek on August 10, 1861, acting as a scout for General Nathaniel Lyon, the first Union general to die in the war. The Union forces were slaughtered and the new general, Major Samuel Sturgis, led the retreat. He was discharged from the Union Army in September 1862. He spent the rest of war either acting as a scout, spy, or police detective in Springfield, Missouri.   Gaining a Reputation as a Fierce Gunfighter Hickok was part of the first recorded fast draw gunfight on July 1, 1865 in Springfield, Missouri. He fought with a former friend and gambling partner who had turned into a rival named Dave Tutt. There is a belief that part of the reason behind the rift in their friendship had to do with a woman they both liked. When Tutt called in a gambling debt that he said Hickok owed him, Hickok refused to pay the full amount saying that Tutt had it wrong. Tutt took Hickoks watch as collateral against the full amount. Hickok warned Tutt that he should not wear the watch or he would be shot. The next day, Hickok saw Tutt wearing the watch in the square in Springfield. Both men fired simultaneously, but only Hickok hit, killing Tutt. Hickok was tried and acquitted for this gunfight on the grounds of self defense. However, his reputation in the minds of those living in the east was settled when he was interviewed for Harpers New Monthly Magazine. In the story, it was stated that he had killed hundreds of men. While newspapers out west printed corrected versions, this cemented his reputation.   Life as a Lawman In the old west, the move from one on trial for murder to lawman was not that far. In 1867, Hickok began his career as a US Deputy Marshall at For Riley.  He acts as a scout for Custers 7th Calvary. His exploits are exaggerated by writers and he only adds to his own growing legend with tales of his own. In 1867, according to a story told by James WIlliam Buel in Life and Marvelous Adventures of Wild Bill, the Scout  (1880), Hickok was involved in a gunfight with four men in Jefferson County, Nebraska. He killed three of them and wounded the fourth, while only receiving a wound to his own shoulder.   In 1868, Hickok was attacked by a Cheyenne war party and injured. He was acting as a scout for the 10th Calvary.  He returned to Troy Hills to recover from the wound.  He then acted as a guide for Senator Wilsons tour of the plains. At the end of the job he received his famous ivory handled pistols from the Senator. In August, 1869, Hickok was elected to be the  Sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas. He wound up shooting two men while in office. They were seeking to gain fame by killing Wild Bill. On April 15, 1871, Hickok was made the marshal of Abilene, Kansas. While Marshal, he had dealings with a saloon owner named Phil Coe. On  October 5, 1871, Hickok was dealing with a violent crowd in the streets of Abilene when Coe fired two shots. Hickok tried to arrest Coe for shooting his pistols, when Coe turned his gun on Hickok. Hickok was able to get his shots of first and kill Coe. However, he also saw a figure approaching from the side and shot two more times, killing a man. Unfortunately, this was  Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams who was trying to help him. This led to Hickoks being relieved of his duties as Marshal.   Wandering Lawman and Showman From 1871 to 1876, Hickok wandered around the old west, sometimes employed as a lawman. He also spent a year with Buffalo Bill Cody and Texas Jack Omohundro in a travelling show called Scouts of the Plains.   Marriage and Death Hickok decided to settle down on March 5, 1876 when he married Agnes Thatcher Lake, who owned a circus in Wyoming. The pair decided to move to Deadwood, South Dakota. Hickok left for a time to try and earn money by mining for gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota. According to her Martha Jane Cannary, a.k.a. Calamity Jane, became friends with Hickok around June 1876. She said that he spent the summer in Deadwood.   On August 2, 1876, Hickok was at the Nuttal   Manns Saloon in Deadwood where he was playing a game of poker. He was sitting with his back to the door when a gambler named Jack McCall came into the saloon and shot Hickok in the back of the head. Hickok was holding a pair of  black aces, black eights, and a jack of diamonds, forever to be known as a dead mans hand. McCalls motives are not completely clear, but Hickok might have upset him the day before.  According to McCall himself at his trial, he was avenging his brothers death who he said was killed by Hickok. Calamity Jane stated in her autobiography that is was she who first captured McCall after the murder: I at once started to look for the assassin [McCall] and found him at Shurdys butcher shop and grabbed a meat cleaver and made him throw up his hands, because through the excitement of hearing of Bills death having left my weapons on the post of my bed. However, he was acquitted at his initial miners trial. He was later rearrested and tried again, this being allowed because Deadwood was not a legitimate US town. McCall was found guilty and hanged in March, 1877.

TECHNOLOGY AND REIMBURSEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TECHNOLOGY AND REIMBURSEMENT - Essay Example It was also effective in preventing outright stealing of babies from the hospital. This helped to create a feeling of security among the mothers at the hospital which is good for the recovering mothers and also for the hospitals administration. In case of any of a mother switching her baby with another whether intentionally or by accident, there would be an alarm that went off attracting the attention of the security staff and other administrators. The only drawback to this system was whereby the nurse forgot to enter the code in the computer after a mother took her baby; as a result the alarm would immediately go off and the whole unit would be under security lock down. This also happened whenever a nurse would take a baby to the mother’s room and neglect to enter the baby’s code in the system thus triggering the alarm. This was the only disadvantage to the system but it can be overcome by ensuring the nurses do not forget to in put the security code when needed to. The chances are there that these mother baby bracelets can malfunction or may confuse the operator. It is important that nurse operating the mother baby bracelet should possess thorough information on the device and its functions. The usage of Smartphones is another example. Smart phones can also play a vital role in helping the nurses with EMR (electronic medical record). They can be of great help to the students on the rotations. During my experience, I have seen staff using smartphones for direct and quick consultation with other clinicians, to search for related drugs, to check the patient’s record and files and to maintain the patient’s record. Portability is the basic advantage of smartphones. They are handy and easy to carry. One can access the required information from anywhere, so the clinicians are not bound to one particular location. Along with advantage, some disadvantages are also associated with these smartphones. Sometimes, they can stop working (no

Epictetus Philosophy and Marion Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epictetus Philosophy and Marion Jones - Essay Example It is impossible to change destiny or even environment according to one's wishes. By trying to fight against the tide of predestined conditions, one creates misery for himself. To be able to accept situations as they are, it is essential to be devoid of emotions. To be attached to sentiments is to be attached to worldly things that are temporary. If we do not involve ourselves emotionally with anything, and accept what nature has to offer us, we can live in accordance and harmony with nature. Two steps become important to keep ourselves in harmony with nature. The first step is to focus on our actions. Once we understand our actions, it becomes easier to respond appropriately. The second step is to understand the context in which the action occurred. The context helps us to comprehend why the actions happened. For both these factors to be useful, it is imperative that one detached from the situation and action and is able to clinically examine it. He implies this in his statement, "When you are about to undertake some action, remind yourself what sort of action it is." (Handbook 4, trans. Hard). A human has no control over anything except himself. Epictetus believes that people need to maintain their prohairesis. This is known as a person's moral character. It essential to be self satisfied in order to maintain morality. Every problem that one faces in life should be seen as an opportunity to strengthen the prohairesis. Only then can humans achieve eudaimonia. His theory and Jones If we were to imagine a hypothetical situation of Epictetus meeting Jones before she took the performance enhancing drugs, we can safely assume that he would have been against the idea. Epictetus is very clear about his concept of Stoicism. Stoicism requires a pursuit of moral glorification. And it requires being true to one's nature. By using enhancers, Jones has strayed from the dictum of 'following nature'. One cannot act antagonistically to legal laws and remain true to herself. Epictetus would have advised Jones to understand and accept her shortcomings and not attempt to be 'contrary to nature.' He would have warned her that fame and success are material goals and she should not compromise her integrity and prohairesis for something so tangible. His reasoning might have compelled him to think that it was unacceptable on her part to try and outdo her capability. However, Jones realizes this only much later, when she states in an interview that "I think that I absolutely should have to accept responsibility for breaking the law." But she does adhere to Epictetus eventually. She admits to drug abuse and pleads guilty. She accepts that she had been in the wrong and that to make mistakes is human. Jones does accept to her limitations, but only after she has been discovered and not before. If she were in sync with her integrity earlier, she would not have had to face the public humiliation. This proves that the pursuit of happiness through moral means is the best possible achievement in life and everything else is transitory. Even then, she manages to come to terms with her failure as an athlete and an influential figure. She tries to figure out how she can help others by her own experience. In this way, she has in someway, adhered to Epictetus' theory of reviewing one's actions. Prison and realizations It is imperative

Women as Societies Change Agents During the 1950s Polio Epidemic Essa

The 1950's represented the cold war era, symbolized by the red scar, anti-communism, potential nuclear war, and McCarthyism. Patriotic loyalty was stressed, any citizen who spoke out against the US government policies was labeled a communist and was often black listed and put under surveillance. The sensationalized conviction and execution of the Rosenberg's for spying, jeopardized our countries' national security and reinforced anti-communism propaganda. Moreover, students practiced emergency ducking under their desk drills to prepare for a nuclear fallout and families purchased bomb shelter for protection. The hyper-vigilance, fear, paranoia, and post traumatic stress that permeated our country's landscape of being under siege, intensified with the polio epidemic. Verbally expressing the word â€Å"POLIO† brings forth anxiety, trepidation, and thoughts of mortality, crippled bodies, and iron lungs. Once the initial shock wears off that you-- in fact, have the disease than the fight for your life begins. This highly contagious illness was passed by close contact and through fecal matter, despite improved sanitation practices. Unfortunately, many poor and middle class families' contracted this viral disease, which rapidly destroyed motor-neurons to arms, legs, and diaphragm muscles. Ironically,improved sanitation practices were blamed for this delayed childhood disease. Younger breastfeeding children received maternal antibodies whereas older children did not have this similar immune advantage. Sadly, children under fifteen years old, experienced the highest rates of contracting this malady. Adults also experienced severe poliomyelitis complications rendering them total care or requiring the iron lung to perform their br... ...ine, restricting community activities, discouraging mingling among all socioeconomic classes at the pools, theaters, and camps, good hygiene, sanitation practices and effective handwashing techniques. Works Cited BIBLOGRAPHY 1. Naomi Rogers, Dirt and Disease: Polio before FDR (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992). 2. Wilson, D.J. A Crippling Fear: Experiencing Polio in the Era of FDR Bulletin of the History of Medicine 72.3 (1998) 464-495. 3. Oshinsky, D. M. Polio: An American Story oxford university press (2005) 350 4. Foertsch, J. Bracing accounts, the literature and culture of polio in postwar america. Associated university press (2008) 223. 5. Bocker, A. and Brandt, V. Living in fear:northeast wisconsin's polio epidemics. Voyager Winter/Spring (2007) 10-25.

“Cut” – Creative Writing

â€Å"We're here,† Dad breathed a huge sigh of relief as our flashy, new Lotus rolled effortlessly along the neglected, overgrown gravel drive. The stress of travelling for five exhausting hours across the everlasting terrain of Switzerland had got to all of us. The trepidation engulfed me as we passed the colossal pines that stood at the side of the drive shivering in the unbearably cold temperature. Even at that moment in the depth of the Swiss winter the comforting, peach coloured rays of the rising morning sun peeked warily through the dominant clouds. I stared in awe as a low flying eagle flexed its wings majestically in a demonstration of unlimited power and agility. I watched in wonder, as it swooped through the dense woodland and off into the distance. The car suddenly swerved uncontrollably to the left bringing my wandering thoughts back to the present. Dad, by now a little fatigued nearly hit a baby rabbit, which obviously unaware of its actions darted off into the safety of a nearby gorse bush. The waiting was almost unbearable as we veered around the last corner and drove carefully up to our new house. The house was what I expected. The main building was huge, sixteenth century and made of stone. The outer buildings consisted of a spacious garage and a dilapidated stable block. As we neared it I could see the windows, thick with grime and dust that had gathered over the many years the house had been uninhabited. The crumbling stone walls were wrapped in a substantial blanket of spindly ivy. Much of it was dying, ripped from the now vulnerable walls by the raging gales that had hit Switzerland only months ago. Needless to say, the house looked stunning as the blazing sun beat down lighting it up in the most peculiar way. It had almost a frightening, mysterious feel to it. Even in its beauty it was slightly spooky but that didn't really bother me. It was the house of my dreams set in the vast, mountainous regions of Switzerland. The freedom of the open country appealed greatly to me and the clean, fresh air rushing vigorously through the open car window cleared my mind as I smiled and relaxed, slumping down into the soft, furry car seat. As the first few glistening snowdrops began to fall from the overcast sky I felt at ease with myself. This was my heaven. The gravel crunched as the car ground to a halt. My brother and I leapt out of the lifeless car. Dad enthusiastically wrenched open the awkward car boot and hauled out the most humungous suitcase I had ever seen. He then proceeded to dump it into my weak arms and with ever ounce of my diminishing strength I lugged it into the house. As I entered, the most horrendous musty smell hit my sensitive nose making me feel terribly nauseous. I walked slowly over to the kitchen table. The house was silent, not quiet, but silent. A cold silence. The type that makes you shudder. I looked around. The light flowing through the ancient glass windows cast shadows in the room. The table was coated with thick dust protecting the pinewood underneath. I drew a short, sharp breath and blew. Multitudinous clouds of swirling dust flew through the air covering everything in its path. I coughed violently, my lungs on fire, as they fought to keep the overpowering dust out. All around me spiders scowled, most irritated by my presence. I crept quietly over the old fashioned, tiled floor towards the living room. As I advanced through the broken doorframe I felt a sticky cobweb grab my unsuspecting face, trapping it in a veil of ragged threads. I let out a blood-curdling wail covering my face with my shaking hands. â€Å"Don't be such a baby,† my brother sneered, as, unfortunately for me he walked through the battered front door. I ignored his puerile remark and hurried into the living room. In the darkest corner of the dimly lit room stood a grandfather clock. Tick – tock, tick – tock, tick – tock. Its repetitive sound could be heard every second. Its aching muscles strained continuously to keep it alive. It looked bored and tired like a damp, filthy mine worker in the last hour of his never ending shift. As it hit the hour the shrill everlasting chime of its rusty pendulum rang out echoing in my ears. The dated, grubby wallpaper that appeared to have been once white was now a muddy coloured brown. The leaky roof caused scraggy strips to hang off the cream walls. The stripy light that broke through the dusty barrier on the window caused intricate patterns to cover the dirty floor. My arm, now numb with excruciating pain dropped the intolerable suitcase and with an almighty thud it hit the ground. I heard the front door slam shut sending noticeable vibrations through the floor like the starting tremor of an earthquake. Dad walked in with the last of our belongings. â€Å"Are you O.K,† he exclaimed seeming extremely anxious about my present state. † Yes I'm fine,† I muttered quietly. â€Å"Come and help us unpack,† Dad suggested The thought of unpacking piles of kitchen utensils, bedroom furniture and various miscellaneous objects made me quiver. My legs felt like pink blancmange as I struggled to find a plausible excuse. I could think of tonnes of better things to do in this serene countryside than unenthusiastically unpacking hoards of useless junk! † I think I might go and explore our new surroundings,† I stuttered, that being the only half – decent excuse my unproductive brain could generate. I staggered past my father, lengthening my hurried steps like a startled antelope fleeing for its life. As I reached for the door I glanced towards my unfortunate brother and mocked him as he started to unpack lackadaisically. I strode out into the freezing winters air and felt it bite my rosy cheeks. The blinding sun had risen and put a glorious smile on the faces of colourful flowers. I heard the distant crunch of the gravel drive and roaring around the corner came the yellow painted, battered removal van that made a deafening clanging noise every time it hit a pothole. I smiled, praising myself for the dextrous way in which I got out of unpacking. I wandered over to the broken, wooden gate that led out into the acres of harsh mountains that we now owned. I opened the fragile gate and stepped carefully through. As soon as I did I entered a new, magical world. The fiery sun made the sodden grass glisten like the expensive diamonds that stood in the busy New York streets that contained my old house. This was so wonderfully different to New York. As I took my first delicate steps into this radiant world I felt at ease with myself. My eyes rolled in there tightening sockets as I looked around. The emerald grass unfolded meticulously before me like a contemporary carpet that had been recently laid. I carefully picked out the biggest mountain and in my insane determination I decided to climb to the top. It wasn't too far ahead, just through some dense woodland and there it would be. As I traipsed through the meadow grass the fresh, overnight dew bleached my comfortable trainers making my feet squelch with every step. From the ground arose a hazy mass of steam through which I had to strain my weary eyes to see. Overhead I heard the distant rumbling of a helicopter shattering the glorious peacefulness of this incredible place. Stopping to inhale the invigorating mountain air I caught sight of a bunch of daffodils. Their petals shone like the 18-carat gold pendant that hung loosely around my neck. Bending down low I prudently picked them and placed them in my new satchel making sure they wouldn't get damaged. I quickened my pace slightly as I gaped at my watch. The time had flown by at amazing speed. I had been enjoying myself so much. Now as I neared the dense woodland that lay before me I started to feel more and more exhilarated. The entrance to the forest was extremely boggy. Clusters of trees spread their leaves out as far as possible as they fought to keep out the light. My watering eyes widened to let in every bit of available light. It was like entering a graveyard at midnight. Everything was silent. I shivered as small goose bumps protected my freezing body. It was much chillier in the forest. I scrabbled into my deep waterproof bag and retrieved my much-needed sweater. It took me an eternity to put it on as I struggled impatiently to get my massive head through the correct hole. I strolled on only to trip over a tree trunk. † Ouch,† I bellowed, more irritated than anything else. I heard a scuffle as an anxious vixen fled from my disturbance. I picked myself up and brushed the ingrained mud off of my combat, camouflaged trousers. The leaves swirled around my aching feet, irate from being uplifted from where they lay. I wandered on unaware of what was to follow. The twigs crackled from beneath my feet attacking me as I stomped along the disused path. I had no idea how far I was from the long awaited mountain but suddenly seeing a strip of light desperately reaching towards the forest floor gave me hope. Behind me a sleepy owl hooted ignorantly, making me jump. I was already on edge as it was quite terrifying walking in the pitch black. â€Å"Yes,† I shrieked, as walking around the last corner I saw light at the end of the forest. I stepped up my pace to a jog, panting with every step as my deprived lungs gasped for air. I leapt out of the forest and there sure enough towering above me was the gigantic mountain. In my enthusiasm I started to climb. The steep gradient didn't bother me. It was my goal to get to the top and I would get there at all costs. Various birds squawked noisily above my head and flew off into the distance swooping and diving at different intervals. The fiery dragon that had earlier heated the air with its scorching breath and lit the sky with an incredible red sunrise had slowly flown behind the clouds. It was now stone cold and the first heavy drops of salty tasting rain were falling at an increasingly hurried rate. The bright sky had turned a miserable grey. As I climbed, by now a little more slowly, I suddenly felt something hit my face. A sharp pang of pain rippled through my cheek and I clutched it tightly, cringing as it began to throb. I looked around and saw the culprit. The bat flew off innocently as if it had done nothing wrong. All around I could see animals running for cover. If only then I had realise the danger they were warning me of; things might have been a lot different. The atmosphere was creepy. The noticeable noise that had once surrounded the mountain had completely disappeared. It was eerie and as the first flash of disconcerting lightning appeared in the dismal sky I was rather wishing I was still at home. Thud! I heard the noise from behind me. I started to panic. It was probably a tree falling down or something of that kind I thought, desperately trying to reassure myself. Thud! I heard it again. I froze. Looking around I could see nothing but I felt so vulnerable, so alone. I bravely carried on. Thud! By now I was petrified. Tears ran down my fearful face. I screamed out. Battling against the driving rain I ran. Thud! Thud! Somebody was chasing me. I looked behind me. Nothing. â€Å"Help,† I whimpered, but I new there was no – one to save me. Thud! Thud! Thud! It continued. I was in hysteria, tearing up mountain. My legs could go no faster. Thud! Thud! I looked behind me again. Nothing. At every step I took†¦ †¦Thud! Thud! I was blinded by fear and as I glanced behind me once more through my tear-glazed eyes I could see a tall, dark figure. Although transparent in appearance to my horror I could see it was moving towards me. Thud! Thud! I felt the breath on my neck. Hot. Clammy. I was screaming with terror. I felt dangerously faint. The fine hairs on the back of my pale neck stuck up on end. Speechless from shock, still I screamed. But I could no longer go on. In my growing exhaustion, I stumbled. Then I felt him grab me†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Cut,† The director bellowed. We had been filming all day and I was just getting in the mood for the thriller that we were staging. Retreating hastily to join the rest of the cast I knew what the director was about to say. In the failing evening light he took the words right out of my mind. † The light is to dim. All return back here tomorrow!† he shouted as he stormed off.

Understanding Identity Asolitarist Approach - 1630 Words

When understanding identity a ‘solitarist approach is, in general, a very efficient way of misunderstanding nearly everyone in the world.’ As Amartya Sen explains, a single-minded ‘perception of oneness with our respective â€Å"civilizations†[sic]’ disregards the multiple and complex identities that belong to each human being. Sen states ‘it must also be recognized that reductionist cultivation of singular identities has indeed been responsible for a good deal of what we call â€Å"engineered bloodshed† across the world.’ History has demonstrated how a particular group identity becomes a target in war, for example, the Jews were persecuted during the Second World War, but it should be noted that before the war, 80% of the Jews were also German citizens. Furthermore, Sen advocates for a deeper understanding of the multiplicities of identities to combat the integration of violence geared toward the cultivated singularity. When conflict arises the identities of the opposing groups can become a target for attack. Neal Ascherson, declares that ‘war can damage two different, though related, types of identity: a social identity belonging to people within their community, and a collective or group identity which has been constructed around â€Å"high art† , considered to constitute a national heritage.’ Benedict Anderson describes modern nationalism as an imagined community, where although each person may not know one another in a nation-state, they share a common identity that is

William Shakespeare s Macbeth, The Dynamic Of The...

Ava Lonneman Ms. Hisey Language Arts 1 June, 2016 Title to Come Every person in the world has a relationship, whether it be family, significant others, or people outside of the private life. Relationships can be toxic, healthy, and some are an odd mixture of both, creating a strange power complex. In Shakespeare s Macbeth, the dynamic of the Macbeths relationship is an example of one of those strange mixed relationships. These dynamics can also be seen in real world couples, such as King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. All of human existence revolves around relationships, or the lack thereof. Relationships can make us stronger people, but similarly they can make us weaker. As individuals we bring different points of view, characteristics, and strengths to a relationship. Both men in the relationships being compared, Macbeth And King Louis XVI, were somewhat quiet and softspoken when it came to their wives opinions. However in the face of adversary outside of their relationships, they were bold leaders with strong opinions. Que en Marie Antoinette and Lady Macbeth were both high strung, resolute women. It often seemed as though they were the head of their relationships. The characteristics and relationship dynamics of Marie Antoinette and King Louis XVI are comparable to that of the Macbeths. Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Navarre (Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna) was born into the role of the Archduchess of Austria and married off to King Louis XVI of FranceShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights 1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth is the most famous woman character. She is stronger, more ambitious and ruthless than her husband. Lady Macbeth pushed her husband , Macbeth to betray and kill King Duncan of Scotland. 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Video Game Playing Essay - 2321 Words

Video Game Playing Video Game Playing and its Effects on Personality and Behavior in relation to Aggression In recent years, technological advances have introduced many new forms of entertainment, one of the most popular being video games. Since their introduction, professionals and parents have become concerned with the addictive power that video games can have on people, particularly children and adolescents. Today, concern has shifted from the addictive effects of video game playing to the possible effects that they have on players’ aggression levels. C. Braun and J. Giroux (1989) determined that the most popular category of video games is the war-type game. These are usually the most violent games, as most of them involve†¦show more content†¦Two previous studies will be presented, and their results will help evaluate if video game playing causes people to become more aggressive. Although important, the addictive properties of the video games will not be discussed. Since some of the studies cover gender differences but others do not, gender will not play a major role in this paper as well. STUDY 1 G. Kestenbaum and L. Weinstein (1985) studied the relationship of heavy video game use in adolescent male subjects to personality and psycho-pathological factors. They hypothesized that video game playing is positive in the sense that it releases pent-up aggressive energies. They felt that after playing a video game, adolecents should feel more relaxed, having invested so much energy, whereas those who never, or rarely play video games would not. They also hypothesized that video games are particularly suited to low frustration tolerance adolescents because of video games’ nature of immediate feedback. (As opposed to discharging aggression through sports, for example, in which the results are delayed from one’s particular effort.) 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Comperative Analysis Bt Airtel Voda Phone Free Essays

string(87) " corporation in the telecom sector together with better quality and affordable prices\." ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. , sincerely thankful to all those people who have been giving me anykind of assistance in the making of this project report. I express my gratitude to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, who has through her vast experience andknowledge has been able to guide me, both ably and successfully towards thecompletion of the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Comperative Analysis Bt Airtel Voda Phone or any similar topic only for you Order Now I express my gratitude to Sri Balaji College of Engineering Technology, JaipurI would hereby, make most of the opportunity by expressing my sincerest thanks to allmy faculties whose teachings gave me conceptual understanding and clarity ofcomprehension, which ultimately made my job more easy. Credit also goes to all myfriends whose encouragement kept me in good stead. Their continuous support hasgiven me the strength and confidence to complete the project without any difficulty. Last of all but not the least I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to therespondents without whom this survey would have been incomplete. I am also thankful to authority of Airtel Vodafone for providing me the information. CONTENT 1. Acknowledgement 2. Contents 3. Declaration 4. objectives of the study 5. introduction of the topic †¢ Telecom sector in India †¢ Airtel †¢ Vodafone †¢ Background Company profile of Airtel †¢ The magic †¢ Comparison between marketing strategy of Bharti Airtel and Vodafone 6. Research Methodology †¢ Type of research methodology †¢ Data collection method †¢ Method of collection 7. Data Analysis and Interpretation 8. Swat analysis 9. Suggestion Conclusion 10. Recommendations 11. Bibliography 12. Questionnaire Declaration I, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Being a student of MBA(HR MKT) 5th Trimester of School of Business, ITM university, Gwalior Hereby declares that the project report under title â€Å"Comparative Analysis of Marketing Strategies of Vodafone Airtel. Is my own work it is the analysis of the big scale sector of communication. This project involves the big scale services involved in telecommunication sector provided by Airtel and Vodafone to its customers. The survey was conducted so as to analyze the big scale sector prevailing in the current industry and the improvement that can be made upon it. All care has been taken to keep this report error free and I sincerely regret for any unintended discrepancies that might have crept into this report. I shall be highly obliged if errors (if any) be brought to my attention. Thank You OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Every organization has to achieve its organization goals. For this it is very essential for an organization to know about the view of consumers and their competitive products. This survey research may be also aimed as to estimate potential buyer for the product. The objective of the study is as under:- 1. To identify the difference between market performance of Airtel industry and Vodafone. 2. To study the market of Airtel Industry and Vodafone on big scale telecommunication sector. 3. To compare various parameters of marketing strategies, manufacturing process, technology adopted production policy, advertising, collaboration, export scenario, future prospect for the two companies and government policies. 4. To study customer buying behavior and factors which influence the purchase decision process. 5. To know how the company has been successful in encountering the aggressive marketing strategies of competitors. [pic] [pic] Telecom Sector In India Than 125 million telephones network is one of the largest communication networks in world, which continues to grow at a blistering pace. The rapid growth in the telecom sector can be attributed to the various pro-active and positive policy measures taken by the government as well as the dynamic and entrepreneurial spirit of the various telecom service providers both in private and public sector. The telecom sector has shown impressive growth during the past decade. Today, more Two striking features of this growth viz. increasing preference for mobile phones and higher contribution of private sector in the incremental growth have pre dominated the telecom sector. The share of mobile phones (including WLL mobile) has overtaken the share of landlines with 62% in the total number of phones. The private sectors contribution is also increasing rapidly. Currently more than 30 lakh phones are being added each month and it is targeted that by the end of 2010 the total number of phones may reach a level of350 million taking the tele-density to more than 30% which is currently at 24. 63%. Network Expansion: The total number of telephone subscribers has reached 281. 62million at the end of January 2010 as compared to 232. 7 million in July 2009. The overall Tele density has increased to 23. 63% in January 2010 as compared to 21. 20% in August2009. Wireless Service: The wireless segment saw a surge of 78. 77 million subscribers last month compared to 78. 17 million in Mar. 2010. This pushed the total wireless subscribers base to 282. 40 million by Apr. 31 2010. Wire line Subscribers: The wire line segment subscriber base stood at 39. 73 million with a de crease of 0. 16 million at the end of Apr. 2010. Tele density: The gross subscriber base reached 206. 83 million at the end of March 2009. The Tele density is 24. 63%at the end of Apr. 2010 as compared to 18. 31% at the end of March 2009, registering an increase of 6%. Increasing Role of Private Sector: The private sector has played a significant role in the growth of telecom sector. The share of private sector has risen to 85 per cent in December2009 from 64. 14 per cent in November 2008. Tariff Rebalancing Measures: There has been a dramatic fall in the tariffs due to increased competition. The minimum effective charges for local calls have fallen considerably in recent months especially for cellular service. The long distance domestic as well as international charges have also fallen considerably. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI): TRAI was established under the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 enacted on March 28, 1997. The goals and objectives of TRAI are focused towards providing a regulatory framework that facilitates achievement of the objectives of New Technology Policy (NTP) 1999. TRAI has endeavored to encourage greater corporation in the telecom sector together with better quality and affordable prices. You read "Comperative Analysis Bt Airtel Voda Phone" in category "Essay examples" AIRTEL Airtel is a brand of telecommunication services in India operated by Bharti Airtel. Airtel is the largest cellular service provider in India in terms of number of subscribers. Bharti Airtel owns the Airtel brand and provides the following services under the brand name Airtel: Mobile Services (using GSM Technology), Broadband Telephone Services (Fixed line, Internet Connectivity (DSL) and Leased Line, Airtel Digital TV, Airtel Money ), Long Distance Services and Enterprise Services (Telecommunications consulting for corporate). It has presence in all 23 circles of the country and covers 71% of the current population (as of FY07). Leading international telecommunication companies such as Vodafone and SingTel held partial stakes in Bharti Airtel. VODAFONE Vodafone Essar, previously Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 16telecom circles in India Despite the official name being Vodafone Essar, its products are simply branded Vodafone. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout India and is especially strong in the major metros. Vodafone Essar provides 2G services based on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz digital GSM technology, offering voice and data services in 16 of the countrys 23 license areas. Vodafone Essar, previously Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 16telecom circles in India . Despite the official name being Vodafone Essar, its products aresimply branded Vodafone. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout India and is especially strong in the major metros. Vodafone Essar provides 2G services based on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz digital GSM technology, offering voice and data services in 16 of the country’s 23 license areas. INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC BACKGROUND The project is an extensive report on how the Airtel Company markets its strategies and how the company has been able in tackling the present tough competition and how it is scooping up by the allegations of the quality of its products. The report begins with the history of the products and the introduction of the Airtel Company. This report also contains the basic marketing strategies that are used by the Airtel Company of manufacturing process, technology, production policy, advertising, collaboration, export scenario, future prospect and government policies. The report includes some of the key salient features of market trend issues. In today’s world of cutthroat fierce competition, it is very essential to not only exist but also to excel in the market. Today’s market is enormously more complex. Hence forth, to survive in the market, the company not only needs to maximize its profit but also needs to satisfy its customers and should try to build upon from there. COMPANY PROFILE OF AIRTEL Vision : â€Å"As we spread wings to expand our capabilities and explore new horizons, the fundamental focus remains unchanged: seek out the best technology in the world and put it at the service of ourultimate user: our customer. â€Å"These are the premise on which Bharti Enterprises has based its entire plan of action. Bharti Enterprises has been at the forefront of technology and has revolutionized telecommunications with its world-class products and services. Established in 1985, Bharti has been a pioneering force in the telecom sector. With many firsts and innovations to its credit, ranging from being the first mobile service in Jaipur, first private basic telephone service provider in the country, first Indian company to provide comprehensive telecom services outside India in Seychelles and first private sector service provider to launch National Long Distance Services in India. Bharti had approximately 3. 21 million total customers – nearly2. 88 million mobile and 334,000 fixed line customer’s. Its services sector businesses include mobile operations in Andhra Pradesh, Chennai, Jaipur, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Kolkata, Madhya Pradesh circle, Maharashtra circle, Mumbai, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh (West) circle. In addition, it also has fixed-line operations in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jaipur, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and nationwide broadband and long distance networks. Bharti has recently launched national long distance services by offering data transmission services and voice transmission services for calls originating and terminating on most of India’s mobile networks. The Company is also implementing a submarine cable project connecting Chennai-Singapore for providing international band width. Bharti Enterprises also manufactures and exports telephone terminals and cordless phones. Apart from being the largest manufacturer of telephone instruments, it is also the first telecom company to export its products to the USA. Bharti Tele-Ventures strategic objective is â€Å"to capitalize on the growth opportunities that the Company believes are available in the Indian telecommunications market and consolidate its position to be the leading integrated telecommunications services provider in key markets in India, with a focus on providing mobile services†. The Company has developed the following strategies to achieve its strategic objective :- Focus on maximizing revenues and margins †¢ †¢ Capture maximum telecommunications revenue potential with minimum geographical coverage †¢ Offer multiple telecommunications services to provide customers with a â€Å"one-stop shop† solution †¢ Position itself to tap data transmission opportunities and offer a dvanced mobile data services †¢ Focus on satisfying and retaining customers by ensuring high level of customer satisfaction †¢ Leverage strengths of its strategic 98*/and financial partners; and †¢ Emphasize on human resource development to achieve operational efficiencies. Businesses Bharti Tele-Ventures current businesses include – †¢ Mobile services, Airtel M †¢ Fixed-line †¢ National and international long distance services †¢ VSAT, Internet services and Network solutions. †¢ Broadband services with DSL and Wi-Fi network Competitive Strengths:- Bharti Tele-Ventures believes that the following elements will contribute to the Company’s success as an integrated telecommunication services provider in India and will provide the Company with a solid foundation to execute its business strategy: †¢ Nationwide Footprint – approximately 92% of India’s total mobile subscribers resided in the Company’s fifteen mobile circles. These 23 circles collectively accounted for approximately 56% of India’s land mass †¢ Focus on telecommunications to enable the Company to better anticipate industry trends and capitalize on new telecommunications-related business opportunities. †¢ The strong brand name recognition and a reputation for offering high quality service to its customers; †¢ Quality management team with vision and proven execution skills; and †¢ The Company’s strong relationships with international strategic and financial investors such as SingTel, Warburg Pincus, International Finance Corporation, Asian Infrastructure Fund Group and New York Life Insurance. Brand Architecture Bharti is working on a complex three-layered branding architecture — to: †¢Create specific brands for each service, †¢Build sub-brands within each of these services and †¢Use Bharti as the mother brand providing the group its corporate identity as well as defining its goal to become a national builder of telecoms infrastructure. [pic] [pic] Airtel – The flagship brand for cellular operations all across the Indian country. Touchtel – The brand earmarked for basic service operations. India One – The brand for national long distance (NLD) telephony Though the costs of creating new brands are heavy but the group wants to create â€Å"distinct independent brands to address different customers and profiles†. Brand Strategy: To understand the brand strategy, let’s first look at the brand building exercise associated with Airtel — a brand that had to be repositioned recently to address new needs in the market. When the brand was launched seven years ago, cellular telephony wasn’t a mass market by any means. For the average consumer, owning a cellular phone was expensive as tariff rates (at Rs 8 a minute) as well as instrument prices were steep — sometimes as much as buying a second-handcar. Bharti could have addressed the customer by rationally explaining to him the economic advantage of using a mobile phone. But Sachdev says that such a strategy would not have worked for the simple reason that the value from using the phone at the time was not commensurate with the cost. â€Å"Instead of the value-proposition model, we decided to address the sensory benefit it gave to the customer as the main selling tack. The idea was to become a badge value brand,† he explains. So the Airtel â€Å"leadership series† campaign was launched showing successful men with their laptops and in their deluxe cars using the mobile phone. In simple terms, it meant Airtel was positioned as an inspirational brand that was meant for leaders, for customers who stood out in a crowd. Did it work? Repeated surveys following the launch showed that there were three core benefits that were clearly associated with the brand — leadership, dynamism and performance. These were valuable qualities, but they only took Airtel far enough to establish its presence in the market. As tariffs started dropping, it became necessary for Airtel to appeal to a wider audience. And the various brand-tracking exercises showed that despite all these good things, there was no emotional dimension to the brand — it was perceived as cold, distant and efficient. Sachdev and his team realized that in a business in which customer relationships were the core this could be a major weakness. The reason with tariffs identical to competitor Vodafone telecomm and roughly the same level of service and schemes, it had now become important for Bharti to â€Å"humanize† Airtel and use that relationship as a major differentiation. The brand had become something like Lufthansa — cold and efficient. What they needed was to become Singapore Airlines, efficient but also human. A change in tack was important because this was a time when the cellular market was changing. The leadership series was okay when you were wooing the creme de la creme of society. Once your eached them you had to expand the market so there was need to address to new customer’s. By that time, Bharti was already the leading cellular subscriber in Jaipur with a base of 3. 77 lakh (it now has 1. 8 million customers). And with tariffs becoming more affordable — as cell companies started cutting prices — it was time to expand the market. How could Bharti leverage this leadership position down the value chain? Surveys showed that the concept of leadership in the customer’s minds was also changing. Leadership did not mean directing subordinates to execute orders but to work along with a team to achieve common objectives — it was, again, a relationship game that needed to be reflected in the Airtel brand. Also, a survey showed that 50 per cent of the new customers choose a mobile hone brand mostly through word-of-mouth endorsements from friends, family or colleagues. Thus, existing customers were an important tool for market expansion and Bharti now focused on building closer relationships with them. That is precisely what the brand tried to achieve through its new positioning under the Airtel â€Å"Touch Tomorrow† brand campaign. This set of campaigns portrayed mobi le users surrounded by caring family members. Says Sachdev: â€Å"The new campaign and positioning was designed to highlight the relationship angle and make the brand softer and more sensitive. As it looks to expand its cellular services nationwide —to eight new circles apart from the seven in which it already operates — Bharti is now realizing that there are new compulsions to rework the Airtel brand, and a new exercise is being launched to this effect. Right now, the company is unwilling to discuss the new positioning in detail. But broadly, the focus is on positioning Airtel as a power brand with numerous regional sub-brands reflecting customer needs in various parts of the country. Airtel is becoming more humane and more sensitive as a brand, Bharti has also understood that one common brand for all cellular operations might not always work in urban markets that are now getting increasingly saturated. To bring in new customers, the company decided that it needed to segment the market. One such experiment, launched last year, is You topia, a brand aimed at the youth in the 14 to 19 age bracket and for those who are â€Å"young at heart†. With its earlier positioning, Airtel was perceived as a brand for the well-heeled older customer; there was nothing for younger people. With Youtopia, Airtel hoped to reverse that. In order to deliver the concept, Airtel offered rock bottom tariff rates (25 paise for 30 seconds) at night to Youtopia customers — a time when they make the maximum number of calls. It also setup merchandising exercises around the scheme — like a special portal for young people to buy things or bid for goods. The company is now looking at offering other services at affordable prices to this segment which include music downloads on the mobile and bundling SMS rates with normal calls to make it cheaper for young people to use. The other experiment that Bharti has worked on is to go in for product segmentation through the Tango brand name. The brand was created to offer mobile users Internet-interface services or what is known as WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). The idea was to bring Internet and mobile in perfect harmony. â€Å"The name was chosen from the popular movie title It Takes Two to Tango: basically, you need the two services to tango to offer customers a new choice†, says Sachdev. This, however, had less to do with the branding exercise as with inefficiency of service (accusingly slow download speeds) and the limited utility of WAP services. Subsequently, the ads were withdrawn, but the company re-iterated that the branding exercise could be revived because Tango will be the brand to offer GPRS services — or permanent Internet connectivity on the mobile phone — which Airtel is expected to launch soon. THE MAGIC Perhaps the more ambitious experiment has been with Magic — the pre-paid card. The idea was to make the brand affordable, accessible and, most importantly, feasible as a means of expanding the market even faster. PHASE I – Magic was aimed at bringing in infrequent users of a mobile phone into the market and assure him that he would have to pay only if he made a call. Such a customer used the phone sparingly — mostly for emergencies — and was not willing to pick up a normal mobile connection with its relatively high rentals (pre-paid cards do not include rental charges). To achieve its objectives Bharti did three things. †¢ One, the product was made available at prices ranging from Rs 300 to Rs 3,000 with no strings attached and was simple to operate. †¢ Two, the product was made accessible and distributed through small stores, telephone booths and even kirana shops so that the offering was well within arms reach. Third, to make the product more â€Å"approachable† to the customer, the company came with vernacular ad campaigns Like â€Å"Magic Daalo Say Hello† which appealed to local sensibilities. This apart, the company roped in Karisma Kapoor and Shah Rukh Khan for a major ad campaign all across Jaipur, a ruse that saw the number of subscribers go up from 5. 47 lakh to 1. 2 million to days’, overtaki ng Essar’s branded pre-paid card Speed, which was launched much ahead of Magic. The company is now re-working its Magic strategy even further. Earlier, the branding strategy was aimed at roping in only interested customers — that is, customers who were already inclined to opt for mobile services. But now, with basic service providers having been allowed limited mobility at far cheaper rates, mobile service providers could find themselves under threat again. That is why the new exercise is aimed at co-opting non-adopters. While the exact strategy is under wraps, insiders say the new branding strategy would be aimed at offering them value which they had not perceived would be available from using a pre-paid card. PHASE II – Bharti used Airtel Magic to build a strong value proposition and accelerate market expansion through India’s first national pre-paid card TV brand campaign †¢ First time ever in India – any pre-paid card brand goes on TV †¢ A combination of the film genre exposed through the TV medium designed to connect with the masses of India †¢ Youth based – romance driven strategy platform makes the value proposition of Airtel Magic – ‘Mumkin Hai’ come alive †¢ All elements – user imagery, context, tone language created to connect the category to the lives of the SEC B SEC C segment – the middle class non-mobile user †¢ Airtel Magic positions itself on the platform of being excellent for emergency situations – increasing productivity as a part of everyday life. †¢ Sharukh Khan makes ‘everything in life possible’ while romancing pretty Kareena Kapoor with Airtel Magic, Indi a’s leading pre-paid mobile card. Airtel today unveiled its strategy for market expansion with the launch of its new Airtel Magic pre-paid card brand campaign – ‘Magic hai to Mumkin hai’. The strategy is targeted at the non- user. Segment defined as young adults, 15-30 years of age; in the Sec B C segment is aimed at accelerating market expansion. The value proposition is centered around a person’s desire to make all his / her dreams, ambitions aspirations instantly possible. The new campaign for Airtel Magic is all about empowering millions of Indians to be on top of their lives. The brand is positioned to be relevant to the mass-market who want to make all their dreams, hopes desires come alive†¦ instantly. (At just Rs. 300/- per month Airtel Magic is so easy to buy. ) Improving productivity, letting you be friend the world and opening up new horizons. It gives you the freedom to control your life in a way never possible before. Indeed, anything that you think is possible is possible with Airtel Magic. The new brand slogan ‘Magic hai to Mumkin hai’ has been specially created to capture this effectively. This strategy is designed to help us talk to this segment directly in the tone, manner language ofthe masses. The â€Å"Mumkin hai† value proposition will help us expand the market and gain a higher percentage of market shares in the process. The brand ambassadors Shahrukh Khan and Kareena Kapoor embody this ‘can do’ or â€Å"MumkinHai† spirit (infact that is the reason they were selected as brand ambassadors). Sharukh rose froma TV actor to become India’s top film star and national heartthrob. Kareena’s success is due to her‘attitude’, talent, hard work and the sheer ability to make a mark in such a short time. Both thesestars have said ‘Mumkin hai’ and made it happen for themselves. The genre of this new strategy campaign is Hindi cinema led. This genre connects millions across India. The spirit of romance, dancing†¦ the Indian cinema, well known to most as Bollywood, holds millions of Indians together as one. The new TV campaign of Airtel Magic crafted in the Hindi film idiom, magnifies the empowering optimism of â€Å"Mumkin Hai†, in the endearing situation of a boy-girl romance. Where Sharukh Khan, sets his eyes on Kareena Kapoor and wins her love with the help of Airtel Magic. (Poignantly conveying that special feeling we all get when a dream is made possible and a victory of the heart is won). The strategy new brand campaign is targeted at the large untapped base of intending mobile customers from Sec A, B C. The estimated addressable market of such customers in the next two years is around 25 million in Airtel’s 16 states. The new strategy aims at correcting the perception that the mobile category is useful mainly for ‘business’ or ‘work’ related scenarios. The new strategy, brand positioning brand slogan is an outcome of an extensive nationwide research and is an integral part of Airtel Magic’s new multi-media campaign. The campaign has been created by Percept Advertising. PHASE III – Bharti used Airtel Magic to build a strong value proposition and accelerate market expansion through India’s first national pre-paid card TV brand campaign †¢ First time ever in India – any pre-paid card brand gives such freedom to recharge any value A combination of the film genre exposed through the TV medium designed to connect with the masses of India †¢ Youth based – romance driven strategy platform makes the value proposition of Airtel Magic – ‘Aisi azaadi aur kahan? † come alive †¢ Sharukh Khan Makes ‘everything i n life possible’ Airtel today unveiled its strategy for market expansion with the launch of its new Airtel Magic pre-paid card brand campaign – ‘Magic Hai to Mumkin Hai’. . The value proposition is centered on a person’s desire to make all his / her dreams, ambitions aspirations instantly possible. The new campaign for Airtel Magic is all about empowering millions of Indians to be on top of their lives. The brand is positioned to be relevant to the mass-market who want to make all their dreams, hopes desires come alive†¦ instantly . At a amount of your choice you can recharge your account with available validity time . Improving productivity, letting you befriend the world and opening up new horizons. It gives you the freedom to control your life in a way never possible before. Indeed, anything that you think is possible is possible with Airtel Magic. The new brand slogan ‘Aisi azadi aur kahan’ has been specially created to capture this effectively. Other Brand Building Initiatives:- The main idea is to stay ahead of competition for at least six months. Working on the above game plan Bharti is constantly coming up with newer product offerings for the customers. The focus, of course, is to offer better quality of service. †¢ To make the service simpler for customers using roaming facilities, Airtel has devised common numbers for subscribers across the country for services like customer care, food services and cinema amongst others. It will also launch a unified billing system across circles so, customers moving from one place to another do not have to close and then again open new accounts at another place. †¢ To assist customer care personnel to deal with subscriber queries, a storehouse of 40,000 frequently asked questions and their answers have been stored on the computers. †¢ Bharti expects that most of its new customers (one estimate is that it would be 60 to 70 per cent of the total new subscriber base) would come from the pre-paid card segment. So, they must be given value-added products and services which competitors don’t provide. Bharti, for the first time for a cellular operator, has decided to offer roaming services even to its pre-paid customers, but the facility would be limited to the region in which they buy the card. To ensure that customers don’t migrate to other competing services (which is known as churn and ranges from 10 to 15 per cent of the customer base every month), the company is also working on a loyalty program. This will offer subscribers tangible cash benefits depending upon their usage of the phone. †¢ The loyalty program will not be only for a ‘badge value’, it will provide real benefits to customers. The idea is to create an Airtel community. Another key area which Bharti is concentrating its attention upon is a new roaming service launched in Jaipur under which calls of a roaming subscriber who is visiting the city will be routed directly to his mobile instead of traveling via his home network †¢ The company also offers multi-media messaging systems under which customers having a specialized phone with a in-built camera can take pictures and e-mail it to friends or store it in the phone. The cost per picture is between Rs 5 to Rs 7 .†¢ Bharti is also aware that it has to make owning a ready-to-use cellular service much easier than it is today. A key area is to increase the number of activation centers. Earlier Bharti had 250 Airtel Connect stores which were exclusive outlets (for its services) and about 250 Airtel Points which were kiosks in larger shops. Now activation can be done by all of them, and not only by Connect outlets, all within 15 to 20 minutes. In comparison, the competition takes two to four hours. †¢ Pre- paid cards are really catching up with the mobile phone users and it is actually helping the market to increase. First, they are easier to obtain and convenient to use. Unlike post-paid, one need not pay security deposits for picking up a pre-paid card. It is often available even with paanwalas. As befits a fast-moving consumer service, the game is now moving beyond price to expanding distribution reach and servicing a well-spread-out clientele with technology and strategic alliances. Bharti is focusing on two factors to make pre-paid cards more attractive. Keeping the entry cost low for consumers and making recharging more convenience. †¢ Bharti is in the process of launching a new system in alliance with Mumbai-based Company Venture InfoTech which will enable a pre-paid card user to renew his subscription by just swiping a card. The system will not only save users the hassle of going out and buying a card every time it expires but also enable mobile companies to reduce the cost of printing and distributing cards. †¢ Bharti Tele ventures has tied up with Waiter on wheels, a company delivering food. at home, to reach its Magic pre-paid cards to subscribers doorsteps. The company is also joining hands with local grocery shops which will enable users to recharge their cards by just making a phone call to the shop. Apart from improving the convenience of recharging, mobile operators are beefing up their distribution channels. The company is constantly innovating to enhance the value proposition for its pre-paid service. They are leveraging technology to expand their distribution network and deliver round-the-clock recharge options to its MOTS (Mobile on the Spot) subscribers. †¢ Bharti Cellular has also launched a special service, Care Touch, for high-value, corporate customers, providing them with instant, single-point access for any assistance they require. Customers can dial 777 and enjoy a slew of services, which includes easier payment of bills, service on priority basis, and value-added services without any additional paper work. Bharti. Cellular is offering a range of services without going through an interactive voice recorder ensuring that they save time. Dedicated ‘Care Touch’ executives are expected to assist customers with any service on priority basis. Besides the regular proactive reminder calls for bill payment, customers can also call Care Touch for bill payments at free of cost. †¢ Airtel presented MTV Inbox :- the first ‘on-air’ SMS based interactive music dedication show exclusively for Airtel and Airtel Magic customers. Highly interactive VJ based show with real-time feedback mechanism. Both brands joined hands to target the high growth youth segment. Bharti’s View on its Branding strategy :- First, brand building efforts in today’s context have to be seen in a more holistic manner. Delivering value on a sustained basis is perhaps the most potent key to build a brand that lasts. Unflinching orientation to customer needs is the second key success factor. Customers (be it for industrial products or consumer goods and services) across the world are more informed and, at the same time, becoming more individualistic in their needs and far more demanding with the passage of time. Pro-active tracking of shifts in consumer behavior, anticipating redefined or emerging customer needs, and then reacting in â€Å"real-time† are essential to attract and retain customer loyalty — a key element of creating brand equity in the present situation. Customizing the product (and communication of its benefit) to meet the specific needs of various consumer/customer sub-segments is the third element in creating brand appreciation. As far as allocation of time and financial resources are concerned, too many companies mistake nly allocate a disproportionate amount on mere advertising and promotion. This is not to say that advertising and promotion are less relevant. On the contrary, with more choices and higher media clutter, businesses need to budget for an increasingly higher spend on their brand promotion but this has to be undertaken in tandem with enterprise-wide â€Å"reengineering† of the business philosophy and core design, production, and delivery operations for the product itself. The positive spin to this argument is that by first addressing the fundamentals, the enterprise itself becomes more competitive. This can be the beginning of a virtuous cycle wherein brand equity continues to increase as the enterprise sustains delivery of an appropriate product or service at an ever increasing value. It is, however, crucial to note that in the years to come, not only will the cost of building a regional or a national (or an international) brand will continue to rise but also the time. taken to do so will be longer and will need sustained and focused efforts. Comparison of marketing strategies Between Bharti Airtel and Vodafone. †¢ Purpose of comparison The sub main purpose of this report is to compare the marketing Strategies adopted by Bharti Airtel and its rival Vodafone †¢ The comparison shows how both of the companies have been challenging each other to gain market shares. Why comparison with vodafone †¢ Bharti Airtel is the leader in telecommunication sector. †¢ Bharti Airtel holds the lion share of market of communication sector. †¢ However, Vodafone has been gi ving tough competition to Bharti Airtel. †¢ Vodafone is the second largest player and share holder in Communication sector. †¢ Since its launch Vodafone has been adopting aggressive marketing strategies. The comparison shows how Hutchison Essar Telecom. Captured 22% market share in one month of its first launch of postpaid subscription in 2002. AD. †¢ With a different technology Vodafone creates its own market. †¢ Vodafone Today deals in every business of communication sector. . †¢ Vodafone making and changing the strategies to capture the market shares Brand positioning by Bharti Airtel Market segmentation †¢ Geographical segment (metropolitans cities India Out of Country) †¢ Demographic segment – middle income groups †¢ People age group of 20 to 28 year Target marketing †¢ People who living in cities and towns. Poor or middle income group people. †¢ Youngsters in big cities. †¢ Businessmen Positioning †¢ Creating brands (Sharukh khan, Sachin Tendulker, Saif ali Khan and Karina Kapoor. etc. ) †¢ Ads and promotions – ( â€Å"Jo Tera Hai Wo Maira hai† â€Å"Har Ek Friend Jaroori Hota hai†) †¢ Promotion for study of poor childrens. Marketing mix †¢ Price : low price strategy †¢ Place: maximum outlets and service centers †¢ Product: verities available for various groups(Airtel Pre Paid, Airtel DigitalTV, Airtelmoney) †¢ Promotion: various schemes for pre-paid and post-paid and Broad Band and MARKETING STRATEGIES OF VODAFONE. Vodafone target the rural India The main targeted customers of Vodafone are from rural India. By offering cheap and light mobile sets Vodafone attracts most of the customers of small villages and towns. Offering cheap handsets Vodafone offers cheap and free connections to all customers. The cost for these sets was Rs-799-849-1099set and onward. Free support and services In every district and big towns Vodafone opens its service centers to provide better support and services. Strong logistics and supply chain Vodafone has a strong logistic and supply all over India. In every small town the potential customers can easily purchase the Vodafone SIM Sets. Targeting youngsters in metropolitans Vodafone attracts youngsters by offering colorful handset at very low prices. BRAND POSITIONING BY VODAFONE Market segmentation Geographical segment (rural India) Demographic segment – middle income groups Target marketing People living in small towns and villages. Poor and middle income groups. Youngsters in big cities. Businessmen Positioning Creating brands Ads and promotions Marketing mix Price: low price strategy Place: maximum outlets and service centers Product: verities available for various groups Promotion: various schemes for pre-paid and post-paid Services provided by Bharti Airtel †¢ Mobile services with GSM technology (Prepaid) †¢ Airtel Digital TV (DTH) †¢ Airtel Money ( M – Commerce – Mobile Wallet) †¢ Fixed-line connections †¢ National and international long distance services †¢ VSAT, Internet services, Hello Tunes and network solutions †¢ Broadband services Services provided by Vodafone. †¢ mobile services with GSM technology †¢ fixed-line telephone services †¢ Universal Internetworking †¢ VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) †¢ Interactive Television Visual Communication †¢ Broadband Portal †¢ Telecommuting RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Achieving accuracy in any research requires a deep study regarding the subject. The prime objective of the project is to compare Airtel with the existing competitor (Vodafone) in the market and the impact of WLL on Airtel. The research methodology adopted is basically based on primary data via which the most recent and accurate piece of first hand information could be collected. Secondary data has been used to support primary data wherever needed. Primary data was collected using the following techniques Questionnaire Method Direct Interview Method and Observation Method The main tool used was, the questionnaire method. Further direct interview method, where a face-to-face formal interview was taken. Lastly observation method has been continuous with the questionnaire method, as one continuously observes the surrounding environment he works in. Type of Research Methodology EXPLORATORY: TYPE OF RESEARCH CARRIED OUT WAS EXPLORATORY IN NATURE; THEOBJECTIVE OF SUCH RESEARCH IS TO DETERMINE THE APPROXIMATE AREAWHERE THE DRAWBACK OF THE COMPANY LIES AND ALSO TO IDENTIFY THECOURSE OF ACTION TO SOLVE IT. FOR THIS PURPOSE THE INFORMATION PROVEDUSEFUL FOR GIVING RIGHT SUGGESTION TO THE COMPANY. DATA COLLECTION METHOD THERE TWO TYPE OF METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION. PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA Primary data was collected using the following techniques Questionnaire Method Direct Interview Method and Observation Method The main tool used was, the questionnaire method. Further direct interview method, where a face- to-face formal interview was taken. Lastly observation method has been continuous with the questionnaire method, as one continuously observes the surrounding environment he works in. DATA USED FOR THE RESEARCH WORK WAS PRIMARY IN NATURE. PRIMARY DATA: PRIMARY DATA IS THAT WHICH IS THE COLLECTED FOR THE FIST TIME AND THUS HAPPEN TO BE ORIGINATED IN CHARACTER. QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY: IN THE STUDIES A QUESTIONNAIRE IS PREPARED. THE QUESTIONNAIRE CONSISTS OF 15 QUESTIONS. SECONDARY DATA: SECONDARY DATA REFER TO THE DATA THAT HAS BEEN ALREADY COLLECTED . THE SECONDARY DATA, WHICH HAS BEEN USED TO CARRY OUT THIS STUDY, ARE AS FOLLOW: †¢ BOOKS, JOURNALS, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS †¢ INDUSTRY REPORTS †¢ COMPANY’S INTERNET SITE †¢ SOMEOTHER RELEVANT STUDY MATERIAL AND WEBSITES.. SAMPLE UNIT: – GWALIOR URBEN UNIT THE RESEARCH PROCESS WAS DONE BY INTERACTING WITH NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS DURING THE ACTIVITIES PERFORMED, WHICH INCLUDED, MARKETS, COLD CALLING, CANOPIES, ETC. SAMPLE DESIGN CONSISTS OF RANDOM SAMPLING. SAMPLE SIZE: – 50 PEOPLE SIZE: METHOD OF COLLECTION: – FIELD PROCEDURE FOR GATHERING PRIMARY DATA INCLUDED OBSERVATION AND INTERVIEW SCHEDULE IN WHICH THE QUESTIONNAIRES WERE FILED BY THE INTERVIEWER. PERSONAL INTERVIEWS THROUGH SELF ADMINISTERED SURVEY WAS DONE TO COLLECT THE DATA, MARKET RESEARCH WAS UNDERTAKEN, THAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY PERFORMING VARIOUS ACTIVITIES DESIGNED. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT: QUESTIONNAIRE THE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS FORMULATED BY KEEP IN MIND THE FOLLOWING POINTS: – †¢ GIVING THE RESPONDENTS. CLEAR COMPREHENSION OF THE QUESTION. †¢ INDUCING THE RESPONDENTS TO CO-OPERATE. †¢ GIVING INSTRUCTIONS AS TO WHAT IS NEEDED. †¢ IDENTIFYING THE NEEDS TO BE KNOWN. Scope of the study †¢ To conduct this research the target population was the mobile users, who are using GSM technology. †¢ Targeted geographic area of Gwalior/ URBEN. Sample size of 50 persons was taken. †¢ To these 50 people a questionnaire was given, the questionnaire was a combination of both open ended and closed ended questions. †¢ The date during which questionnaires were filled. Some dealers were also interviewed to know their prospective. Interviews with the managers of GSM service providers were also conducted. †¢ Finally the collected data and information was analyzed and compiled to arrive at the conclusion and recommendations given. Sources of secondary data Use d to obtain information on, Bharti’s history, current issues, policies, procedures etc, where ever required. †¢ Internet †¢ Magazines †¢ Newspapers †¢ Journals †¢ Bharti Circulars Store / Airtel Relationship Center / Airtel Store / Distributors †¢ Bharti News Letters †¢ Vodafone Store / Distributors †¢ Vodafone Mini store Data analysis And Interpretation Subscriber numbers in (mn) held by Vodafone and Airtel |YEAR |FEB. – 2013 (Million) |DEC. – 2012 (Million) |DEC. – 2011 (Million) | |AIRTEL |186. 62 |181. 91 |175. 65 | |VODAFHONE |149. 89 |147. 48 |147. 75 | MARKET PLAYERS IN TELE COMMUNICATION | |Market Share – Feb. 2013 |Market Share – Dec. |Market Share – Dec. 011 | | | |2012 | | |Bharti Airtel |28. 18 % |27. 68 % |12. 54 % | |Vodafone |22. 64 % |22. 44 % |11. 83% | |Reliance Comm. | | | | |Idia Cellular |17. 8 % | | | [pic] [pic] FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS Age Group Graph As we can see from the above graph, the people who are in the age group of 21-28 years are the ones who are the maximum users of mobile phones. This segment is the one which gives maximum business to the mobile operators. This segment constitutes the young executives and other office going people. They are 65% of the total people who were interviewed. The next age group is the People who are 28-35 years old. They are 20% of the total. They are those who are at home or have small business units etc. And the next age group is the youngest generation who are 15-21 years old. They are school and college going students and carry mobile phones to flaunt. They are15% of the total interviewed people. Occupation OCCUPATION †¢ STUDENTS 15% †¢ EXECUTIVES 55% †¢ HOUSEHOLDS 20% †¢ OTHERS 10% As the above graph shows that 55% of the total people interviewed are working. So, these people are the ones who are the maximum users of mobile phones. They are the young executives, managers, Tele – callers etc. who require mobile for their official purposes. The next category is the households, who are either housewife, small units which operate from their homes etc. They are 20% of the whole. The next segment is the students. They are 15% of the whole. And 10% of the whole is categories who are the professionals. Service Provider These are the total market share of mobile user or people captured by the mobile provider company. There two major company in mobile phone service sector Vodafone and Airtel who respectively hold the market share with other company as 29% and 23% of total market user segment of mobile customer. Customer Service At Airtel CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL FULLY 20% †¢ PARTIALLY 10% †¢ DISSATISFIED 60% †¢ FULLY DISSATISFIED 10% As the above graph clearly shows that customer services at Airtel seems poor. 60% of the people are dissatisfied with the customer services provided by Airtel. They are the ones who have the maximum share in the market but they are lagging behind in the customer services. 10% of t he people were fully dissatisfied with the customer services of Airtel. This could leave an impact on the mind of the consumer. He can even switch over his brand. 20% of the people seemed partially satisfied with the customer services and only 0% seem to be fully satisfied with Airtel’s customer services, which is a very small amount. †¢ Types Of Card: Cash cards seemed quite popular among the people interviewed. 85% of the total mobile users were having cash card connections. This means that the cash cards should be easily and readily available in the local markets. Airtel should make sure that Magic is available in each and every nook and corner of the market. 15% of the people were having sim connections which are the regular bill. †¢ Monthly expense: People on an average spend RS 500 per month as their mobile phone expense. 4% people spend Monthly Expense 12% 24% Rs 600 Rs 450 Rs 200 64%this amount. 24% people spend RS 300 per month as their monthly mobile expen se. And the remaining 12% had an expense more than RS 1000, they could the ones having sim connections or having cash cards and having a lot of business calls on their mobiles. †¢ Awareness about WLL: WLL seemed to be a new word for many of the people. 45% of the people were not at all aware of such a technology. So, in order to get the answer for this question they were first explained the concept. Only, 55% people knew what WLL is all about. Awareness of WLL Players: 80% 70% 60% 50% Vodafone 40% Airtel 30% 20% 10% 0%Vodafone was the brand which was popular amongst the interviewed people. As Vodafone had done so much advertising and has it banners and hoarding spread all over Gwalior. So, this could be one the reasons of its popularity. Tata was hardly a known brand in this new field. Possibly, because of less promotions done by them as compared to Vodafone. On the basis of analysis of the questionnaire I have found that the maximum no. of people house mobile phones is in the age group of 20 to 28. Who are the young executives and other office goers? They spend a maximum of RS 500 as their mobile expense. There is more no. of prepared cards than post paid cards. The mobile users want to spend money side by side than to spend money at the end of the month on a big bill. Now when I compared Airtel with its competitor from the point of view of the consumer I found that on the basis of Tariff plan, value added services and billing accuracy Airtel is at par or ahead of its competitor but in the case of customer care and availability they lag behind their competitors. As, Airtel has a hold in the market because it has the maximum no. of connections, so it must improve upon it customer services. As far as WLL is concerned people are aware about it but not many people are aware about Tata. They only know more about Vodafone. People at this point of time are not interested to switch over from GSM to WLL Customer Response towards Questionnaire †¢ Which Brand you, prefer most? SERVICE PROVIDER | | | |AIRTEL |Yes | | |VODAFHONE | | | |RELIANCE | | | |TATA | | | |IDEA | | | †¢ How long you have been using this Product? (0-2 Years (2-5 Years (5-10 Years More than 10 years †¢ Are you using other product with Airtel? (Yes/ No Here are the customer responses about the use of the Airtel product and other product rather than Airtel. in this segment of survey 67 % of customer are aspire with Airtel and 33 % shown interest in other telecom products in urban areas. †¢Do you collect any information search before making purchase? YES/ NO SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths †¢ Being one of the largest companies in India the company has achieved a degree of focus in its core business of its products. †¢ It has a strong brand name, superior quality products and an enviable distribution network. †¢ It has a clear and well-defined organization structure and limits of financial authority. †¢ Increase in advertisement spends affect the company’s margins. The company‘s bottom line falls victim to the bloated and highly paid workforce, which affects its margins. Weakness †¢ Little efforts over the Advertising of products. †¢ Distribution channel is not accurately categorized. †¢ Pr emium priced products, hence can’t compete in low price segment. †¢ No separate strategy for rural market. Opportunities: †¢ The company’s financial performance can receive a major boost from its cost reduction efforts. †¢ There is a lot of scope of product and market diversification. †¢ Exports of products will also have huge chances in the coming years. †¢ Airtel’s business has ample scope for gaining market share from the unorganized sector. Rural penetration too holds vast potential to bring about growth. Threats The slowdown in the economy has restricted top line growth of most FMCG majors and for Airtel also it will be difficult to maintain historical growth rates in such a depressed scenario. †¢ Company’s major raw materials are influenced by government policies / controls as well as vagaries of the monsoons. Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials would have significant impact on costs and margins of the company. Moreover, inordinate hike in Broad Band Internet products would also increases company’s production and distribution cost. LIMITATIONS Limitation of project is without limitations and it becomes essential to figure out the various constraints that we underwent during the study. The following points in this direction would add to our total deliberations:- 1. During the study, on many occasions the respondent groups gave us a cold shoulder. 2. The respondents from whom primary data was gathered any times displayed complete ignorance about the complete branded range, which was being studied. 3. Lack of time is the basic limitation in the project. 4. Some retailers/whole sellers refuse to cooperate with the queries. 5. Some retailers/wholesalers gave biased or incomplete information regarding the study. 6. Money played a vital factor in the whole project duration. 7. Lack of proper information and experience due to short period of time. 8. Some retailers did not answer all the questions or do not have time to answer. SUGGESTIONS Following are the few suggestions to AIRTEL for improving the market share and image of the products concerned. 1. PRODUCT Modification must be brought about in AIRTEL, in terms of quality. Its demand should be increased. 2. PLACE the brands must be made available easily in, PCO general stores. 3. PROMOTION Company must undertake extensive promotional activities like advertisements must be released in different Medias to create brand awareness. Free samples should be distributed among the prospects. Sales promotion tools like gifts, contests and coupons must be given to retailers as well as customers and prospects. Catalogues should be distributed among customers. 4. PRICE Price should be as competitive as other company maintains Distribution of new connection should be in reach of customer pocket. CONCLUSION After analyzing the findings of the research, I can conclude that Airtel lagged behind its competitors as far as customer service and availability is concerned. The maximum no. of people who use the mobile is in the age group of 20 to 28. Cash cards are the most popular type of mobile connections, as they are consumer friendly and recharging the connection is not a problem. Maximum no. of people spends RS 500 on their connections. As Airtel is the only company having the maximum no of mobile connections so it must seriously look into the loop holes of the existing customer service department. As we know that now Airtel has already launched its product with New logo and title – â€Å" Aisi azaadi aur kahan† to â€Å"Dil Jo Chahe wo paas laye† than â€Å"Har ek friend jaroori hota hai† and in today days â€Å"Jo tera hai wo mera hai† has already became popular in market. So we can say that in spite of so many competitors in the market Airtel is having a good position just because every time, it tries its best to understand then of its important customers. From the comparison and deep analysis of every aspect of business of both the companies we can conclude that bharti Airtel has to more work in every field of communication business. It is the time not only to survive but to sustain in the market for a long time. For this Airtel has to work on its all marketing strategies, marketing, promotion, brand image. etc. Airtel has to take Vodafone. Very seriously and update its own strategies from time to time and when the need arises. With aggressive marketing strategies Airtel has to target rural India as 70% of population of India lives in these areas. The other segment may be costumers of all age groups. RECOMMENDATIONS I have made following recommendation to the company after doing the summer training there: †¢ The company should modify its credit policy as they only target the cash paying customers who are not easy to trace. †¢ The company should emphasis more on the quality of Pharmaceuticals Products it was mostly claimed by the exporters that their receipts from company doesn’t matches with the sample’s quality shown before giving orders. The company should make its marketing strategy flexible enough in order to face competition. †¢ The company should keep an eye on the proper delivery of the goods to exporter on time, as it has been recommended by exporters to make the delivery on time. â € ¢ The company rate policy must be flexible enough to catch new customers because if company offers lower price to a new customer then he may continue buy the goods and can be a permanent customer for the company. †¢ The company should offers such rate in the market so that it may able to catch a bigger market share and it should be able to compete with the local traders and commission agents while having a brand name. The company should take the opinion of exporters from time to time to know what problems they are facing from the company’s side. And if any change they require in present supplying condition? BIBLIOGRAPHY In this project report, while finalizing and for analyzing quality problem in details the following Books, Magazines/Journals and Web Sites have been referred. All the material detailed below provides effective help and a guiding layout while designing this text report. Books: Principles of Marketing – Philip Kotler Kevin keller edi. 12Market Research – D. D. Sharma Research Methodology – C. R. Kothari Websites: www. Airtelworld. com www. google. com www. india. com www. Vodafone. in http://www. blonnet. om/2004/06/26/stories/2004062602180700. htm, Mumbai, June 25, 2004. com/companies/companies_r/Vodafone_infocom/20031104_stop-roaming. htm, 4 November 2003 Domain, Missed Call, at http://www. domainb Magazines: Airtel (2 July to 10 July 2011)Airtel India page of HT paper (Thursday 1December 2011) Cowards India (26 December to 4 Jan. 2011) QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Sir/Madam, I RAVI SHIVHARE student of MBA of I. T. M. University Gwalior (M. P. ) I am doing my project on â€Å"Comparative analysis of marketing strategy of Vodafone and Airtel†. Please give your precious time for filling these details. Q. 1 Name those companies which provide telecom (services now a days? Airtel (Vodafone (Reliance (TATA Idea ( Q. 2 which mobile company services you are using now a days? (Airtel (Vodafone (Reliance (TATA Idea Q. 3 Among them, which Brand (you, prefer most? (Airtel (Vodafone (Reliance (TATA Idea Q. 2 How long you have been using this Product? (0-2 Years (2-5 Years (5-10 Years More than 10 years Q. 3 Are you using other product instead of (Airtel? (Yes No Q. 5 Do you collect any information search before making purchase? (Yes No Q. 8 what are the features you look for in a product before making purchase decision? Give preferences ((1-High est, 6- least) (Brand credibility (Price and Discount (After sales services and parts, network (Value for money Vehicle (performance Add on features or ergonomics of design Q. 10 If you have to purchase a new connection or product in near future, which Brand will you go for and why? Q. 11 Are you aware of various promotional activities being run by Airtel, if yes then how? Are you satisfied with these promotional activities? Very Satisfied Somewhat Not Satisfied Satisfied satisfied ( Customer Care ( By Ad Films ( By Camp ( 24 hrs call center services Q. 12 How would you rate Airtel performance as your expectation on 5 points scale (5 Highest? ) 1 2 3 4 5 ( After Sale service ( Maintenance ( Product as per expectation Q. 13 What are you suggestions for improving How to cite Comperative Analysis Bt Airtel Voda Phone, Essay examples